Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1505–1521 |
| Number of pages | 17 |
| Journal | Friction |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue number | 8 |
| Early online date | 3 Feb 2023 |
| Publication status | Published - Aug 2023 |
Abstract
Engineering in vacuum or under a protective atmosphere permits the production of materials, wherever the absence of oxygen is an essential demand for a successful processing. However, very few studies have provided quantitative evidence of the effect of oxidized surfaces to tribological properties. In the current study on 99.99% pure copper, it is revealed that tribo-oxidation and the resulting increased abrasive wear can be suppressed by processing in an extreme high vacuum (XHV) adequate environment. The XHV adequate atmosphere was realized by using a silane-doped shielding gas (1.5 vol% SiH4 in argon). To analyse the influence of the ambient atmosphere on the tribological and mechanical properties, a ball—disk tribometer and a nanoindenter were used in air, argon, and silane-doped argon atmosphere for temperatures up to 800 °C. Resistance measurements of the resulting coatings were carried out. To characterize the microstructures and the chemical compositions of the samples, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. The investigations have revealed a formation of η-Cu3Si in silane-doped atmosphere at 300 °C, as well as various intermediate stages of copper silicides. At temperatures above 300 °C, the formation of γ-Cu5Si were detected. The formation was linked to an increase in hardness from 1.95 to 5.44 GPa, while the Young’s modulus increased by 46% to 178 GPa, with the significant reduction of the wear volume by a factor of 4.5 and the suppression of further oxidation and susceptibility of chemical wear. In addition, the relevant diffusion processes were identified using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Keywords
- molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, oxidation behavior, surface analysis, tribochemical reaction, wear behavior
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Engineering(all)
- Mechanical Engineering
- Materials Science(all)
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films
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In: Friction, Vol. 11, No. 8, 08.2023, p. 1505–1521.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterization of the tribologically relevant cover layers formed on copper in oxygen and oxygen-free conditions
AU - Raumel, Selina
AU - Barienti, Khemais
AU - Luu, Hoang Thien
AU - Merkert, Nina
AU - Dencker, Folke
AU - Nürnberger, Florian
AU - Maier, Hans Jürgen
AU - Wurz, Marc Christopher
N1 - Funding information: The project was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) (No. 394563137 SFB 1368). Hoang-Thien LUU and Nina MERKERT gratefully acknowledge for the support from the Simulation Science Center Clausthal/Göttingen. The computations were performed with resources provided by the North-German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN). The project was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) (No. 394563137 SFB 1368). Hoang-Thien LUU and Nina MERKERT gratefully acknowledge for the support from the Simulation Science Center Clausthal/Göttingen. The computations were performed with resources provided by the North-German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN).
PY - 2023/8
Y1 - 2023/8
N2 - Engineering in vacuum or under a protective atmosphere permits the production of materials, wherever the absence of oxygen is an essential demand for a successful processing. However, very few studies have provided quantitative evidence of the effect of oxidized surfaces to tribological properties. In the current study on 99.99% pure copper, it is revealed that tribo-oxidation and the resulting increased abrasive wear can be suppressed by processing in an extreme high vacuum (XHV) adequate environment. The XHV adequate atmosphere was realized by using a silane-doped shielding gas (1.5 vol% SiH4 in argon). To analyse the influence of the ambient atmosphere on the tribological and mechanical properties, a ball—disk tribometer and a nanoindenter were used in air, argon, and silane-doped argon atmosphere for temperatures up to 800 °C. Resistance measurements of the resulting coatings were carried out. To characterize the microstructures and the chemical compositions of the samples, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. The investigations have revealed a formation of η-Cu3Si in silane-doped atmosphere at 300 °C, as well as various intermediate stages of copper silicides. At temperatures above 300 °C, the formation of γ-Cu5Si were detected. The formation was linked to an increase in hardness from 1.95 to 5.44 GPa, while the Young’s modulus increased by 46% to 178 GPa, with the significant reduction of the wear volume by a factor of 4.5 and the suppression of further oxidation and susceptibility of chemical wear. In addition, the relevant diffusion processes were identified using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
AB - Engineering in vacuum or under a protective atmosphere permits the production of materials, wherever the absence of oxygen is an essential demand for a successful processing. However, very few studies have provided quantitative evidence of the effect of oxidized surfaces to tribological properties. In the current study on 99.99% pure copper, it is revealed that tribo-oxidation and the resulting increased abrasive wear can be suppressed by processing in an extreme high vacuum (XHV) adequate environment. The XHV adequate atmosphere was realized by using a silane-doped shielding gas (1.5 vol% SiH4 in argon). To analyse the influence of the ambient atmosphere on the tribological and mechanical properties, a ball—disk tribometer and a nanoindenter were used in air, argon, and silane-doped argon atmosphere for temperatures up to 800 °C. Resistance measurements of the resulting coatings were carried out. To characterize the microstructures and the chemical compositions of the samples, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. The investigations have revealed a formation of η-Cu3Si in silane-doped atmosphere at 300 °C, as well as various intermediate stages of copper silicides. At temperatures above 300 °C, the formation of γ-Cu5Si were detected. The formation was linked to an increase in hardness from 1.95 to 5.44 GPa, while the Young’s modulus increased by 46% to 178 GPa, with the significant reduction of the wear volume by a factor of 4.5 and the suppression of further oxidation and susceptibility of chemical wear. In addition, the relevant diffusion processes were identified using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
KW - molecular dynamics (MD) simulation
KW - oxidation behavior
KW - surface analysis
KW - tribochemical reaction
KW - wear behavior
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85147368878&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s40544-022-0695-5
DO - 10.1007/s40544-022-0695-5
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85147368878
VL - 11
SP - 1505
EP - 1521
JO - Friction
JF - Friction
SN - 2223-7690
IS - 8
ER -