Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a marine functional source of gamma-tocopherol

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Authors

  • D. Menoyo
  • C. Sanz-Bayón
  • A.H. Nessa
  • T. Esatbeyoglu
  • M. Faizan
  • K. Pallauf
  • N. De Diego
  • A.E. Wagner
  • I. Ipharraguerre
  • I. Stubhaug
  • G. Rimbach
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Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)5944-5959
Number of pages16
JournalMarine drugs
Volume12
Issue number12
Publication statusPublished - 9 Dec 2014

Abstract

Gamma tocopherol (gT) exhibits beneficial cardiovascular effects partly due to its anti-inflammatory activity. Important sources of gT are vegetable oils. However, little is known to what extent gT can be transferred into marine animal species such as Atlantic salmon by feeding. Therefore, in this study we have investigated the transfer of dietary gT into salmon. To this end, fish were fed a diet supplemented with 170 ppm gT for 16 weeks whereby alpha tocopherol levels were adjusted to 190 ppm in this and the control diet. Feeding gT-rich diets resulted in a three-fold increase in gT concentrations in the liver and fillet compared to non-gT-supplemented controls. Tissue alpha tocopherol levels were not decreased indicating no antagonistic interaction between gamma- and alpha tocopherol in salmon. The concentration of total omega 3 fatty acids slightly increased in response to dietary gT. Furthermore, dietary gT significantly decreased malondialdehyde in the fillet, determined as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. In the liver of gT fed salmon we observed an overall down-regulation of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. Additionally, gT improved the antioxidant capacity by up-regulating Gpx4a gene expression in the pyloric caeca. We suggest that Atlantic salmon may provide a marine functional source capable of enriching gT for human consumption.

Keywords

    Cardiovascular disease, Functional foods, Gamma tocopherol, Oily fish, Omega 3 fatty acids, Salmon ( salmo salar), Vitamin E

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Sustainable Development Goals

Cite this

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a marine functional source of gamma-tocopherol. / Menoyo, D.; Sanz-Bayón, C.; Nessa, A.H. et al.
In: Marine drugs, Vol. 12, No. 12, 09.12.2014, p. 5944-5959.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Menoyo, D, Sanz-Bayón, C, Nessa, AH, Esatbeyoglu, T, Faizan, M, Pallauf, K, De Diego, N, Wagner, AE, Ipharraguerre, I, Stubhaug, I & Rimbach, G 2014, 'Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a marine functional source of gamma-tocopherol', Marine drugs, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 5944-5959. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12125944
Menoyo, D., Sanz-Bayón, C., Nessa, A. H., Esatbeyoglu, T., Faizan, M., Pallauf, K., De Diego, N., Wagner, A. E., Ipharraguerre, I., Stubhaug, I., & Rimbach, G. (2014). Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a marine functional source of gamma-tocopherol. Marine drugs, 12(12), 5944-5959. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12125944
Menoyo D, Sanz-Bayón C, Nessa AH, Esatbeyoglu T, Faizan M, Pallauf K et al. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a marine functional source of gamma-tocopherol. Marine drugs. 2014 Dec 9;12(12):5944-5959. doi: 10.3390/md12125944
Menoyo, D. ; Sanz-Bayón, C. ; Nessa, A.H. et al. / Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a marine functional source of gamma-tocopherol. In: Marine drugs. 2014 ; Vol. 12, No. 12. pp. 5944-5959.
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AU - Menoyo, D.

AU - Sanz-Bayón, C.

AU - Nessa, A.H.

AU - Esatbeyoglu, T.

AU - Faizan, M.

AU - Pallauf, K.

AU - De Diego, N.

AU - Wagner, A.E.

AU - Ipharraguerre, I.

AU - Stubhaug, I.

AU - Rimbach, G.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2014 by the authors licensee MDPI Basel Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2014/12/9

Y1 - 2014/12/9

N2 - Gamma tocopherol (gT) exhibits beneficial cardiovascular effects partly due to its anti-inflammatory activity. Important sources of gT are vegetable oils. However, little is known to what extent gT can be transferred into marine animal species such as Atlantic salmon by feeding. Therefore, in this study we have investigated the transfer of dietary gT into salmon. To this end, fish were fed a diet supplemented with 170 ppm gT for 16 weeks whereby alpha tocopherol levels were adjusted to 190 ppm in this and the control diet. Feeding gT-rich diets resulted in a three-fold increase in gT concentrations in the liver and fillet compared to non-gT-supplemented controls. Tissue alpha tocopherol levels were not decreased indicating no antagonistic interaction between gamma- and alpha tocopherol in salmon. The concentration of total omega 3 fatty acids slightly increased in response to dietary gT. Furthermore, dietary gT significantly decreased malondialdehyde in the fillet, determined as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. In the liver of gT fed salmon we observed an overall down-regulation of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. Additionally, gT improved the antioxidant capacity by up-regulating Gpx4a gene expression in the pyloric caeca. We suggest that Atlantic salmon may provide a marine functional source capable of enriching gT for human consumption.

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KW - Omega 3 fatty acids

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