Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 125704 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Journal | Applied energy |
| Volume | 389 |
| Early online date | 25 Mar 2025 |
| Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 25 Mar 2025 |
Abstract
Lithium-ion battery systems play a crucial role in applications ranging from electric vehicles to grid storage, but their performance can vary significantly under different operating conditions. While extensive research has explored the non-linear relationship of the battery's key performance metrics – energy and power – across the manufacturers’ permissible limits, the impacts of operating in a restricted range have not yet been sufficiently investigated. Restricting the available operating range, particularly the upper voltage limit, may be advantageous or even necessary for specific applications with harsh environmental conditions, potentially enhancing safety, efficiency, compatibility, and lifespan without substantially compromising performance. In order to investigate this trade-off, the power-based performance of three battery cells with different formats and chemistries is experimentally characterized and analyzed using an extended Ragone plot. To reduce experimental effort, we demonstrate a reconstruction-based approach to recalculate the Ragone plot for arbitrary voltage initialization limits by trimming the full-range dataset based on the preceding charge termination conditions. In the practically relevant range, deviations between the measured and reconstructed Ragone curves remain within ≤3%, validated by an electrical and thermal assessment. By superimposing upper and lower operating limits, the extended Ragone plot enables an evaluation of battery performance under a restricted range without additional cell characterization measurements. Our findings thus provide a practical and efficient method for engineers and researchers, ideally supporting the decision-making in selecting, designing, or managing battery systems for application-specific energy storage solutions.
Keywords
- Extended Ragone plot, Lithium-ion battery, Performance characterization, Polarization plot, Restricted operating range
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Engineering(all)
- Building and Construction
- Energy(all)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Engineering(all)
- Mechanical Engineering
- Energy(all)
- General Energy
- Environmental Science(all)
- Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Sustainable Development Goals
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In: Applied energy, Vol. 389, 125704, 01.07.2025.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Performance characterization of lithium-ion battery cells within restricted operating range using an extended ragone plot
AU - Wiegelmann, Sven
AU - Bensmann, Astrid
AU - Hanke-Rauschenbach, Richard
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
PY - 2025/3/25
Y1 - 2025/3/25
N2 - Lithium-ion battery systems play a crucial role in applications ranging from electric vehicles to grid storage, but their performance can vary significantly under different operating conditions. While extensive research has explored the non-linear relationship of the battery's key performance metrics – energy and power – across the manufacturers’ permissible limits, the impacts of operating in a restricted range have not yet been sufficiently investigated. Restricting the available operating range, particularly the upper voltage limit, may be advantageous or even necessary for specific applications with harsh environmental conditions, potentially enhancing safety, efficiency, compatibility, and lifespan without substantially compromising performance. In order to investigate this trade-off, the power-based performance of three battery cells with different formats and chemistries is experimentally characterized and analyzed using an extended Ragone plot. To reduce experimental effort, we demonstrate a reconstruction-based approach to recalculate the Ragone plot for arbitrary voltage initialization limits by trimming the full-range dataset based on the preceding charge termination conditions. In the practically relevant range, deviations between the measured and reconstructed Ragone curves remain within ≤3%, validated by an electrical and thermal assessment. By superimposing upper and lower operating limits, the extended Ragone plot enables an evaluation of battery performance under a restricted range without additional cell characterization measurements. Our findings thus provide a practical and efficient method for engineers and researchers, ideally supporting the decision-making in selecting, designing, or managing battery systems for application-specific energy storage solutions.
AB - Lithium-ion battery systems play a crucial role in applications ranging from electric vehicles to grid storage, but their performance can vary significantly under different operating conditions. While extensive research has explored the non-linear relationship of the battery's key performance metrics – energy and power – across the manufacturers’ permissible limits, the impacts of operating in a restricted range have not yet been sufficiently investigated. Restricting the available operating range, particularly the upper voltage limit, may be advantageous or even necessary for specific applications with harsh environmental conditions, potentially enhancing safety, efficiency, compatibility, and lifespan without substantially compromising performance. In order to investigate this trade-off, the power-based performance of three battery cells with different formats and chemistries is experimentally characterized and analyzed using an extended Ragone plot. To reduce experimental effort, we demonstrate a reconstruction-based approach to recalculate the Ragone plot for arbitrary voltage initialization limits by trimming the full-range dataset based on the preceding charge termination conditions. In the practically relevant range, deviations between the measured and reconstructed Ragone curves remain within ≤3%, validated by an electrical and thermal assessment. By superimposing upper and lower operating limits, the extended Ragone plot enables an evaluation of battery performance under a restricted range without additional cell characterization measurements. Our findings thus provide a practical and efficient method for engineers and researchers, ideally supporting the decision-making in selecting, designing, or managing battery systems for application-specific energy storage solutions.
KW - Extended Ragone plot
KW - Lithium-ion battery
KW - Performance characterization
KW - Polarization plot
KW - Restricted operating range
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105000658092&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125704
DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125704
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105000658092
VL - 389
JO - Applied energy
JF - Applied energy
SN - 0306-2619
M1 - 125704
ER -