Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 4343-4360 |
| Number of pages | 18 |
| Journal | Silicon |
| Volume | 16 |
| Issue number | 10 |
| Early online date | 4 May 2024 |
| Publication status | Published - Jul 2024 |
Abstract
Purpose: The production of apple fruits in orchards or plants in tree nurseries is negatively affected by apple replant disease (ARD), worldwide. Our objective was to develop a method to counteract ARD without applying chemical soil disinfection. We tested if an addition of clays with high release of plant available silicon reduces ARD symptoms and a biochemical effect of silicon on the plant defence reaction occurs. Methods: In a greenhouse experiment, apple rootstocks ‘M26’ were grown for 8 weeks in a sandy replant soil, a heat disinfected control and a grassland soil (Grass) with and without amendment by bentonite and the clay blend Florisol®TM Profi (6 and 18%). The micromorphology of silica bodies (phytoliths) in roots and the phytoalexin concentration as a measure of the defence reaction of roots were analysed. In a second approach, the gene expression of ARD biomarkers involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis was determined after two weeks. Results: Normalised gene expression was significantly higher for the ARD soil with clay amendments compared to the ARD variant whereas phytoalexin concentrations were similar. Significantly lower phytoalexin levels were found in the heat disinfected and Grass variant, indicating less defence reaction than in the ARD variant. Clay amendment increased soluble silicon in the substrates and consequently silicon in the epidermis and vascular bundles, indicating high silicon accumulation. Plants grown in ARD and Grass with amendments showed improved growth compared to plants grown in the respective soils without amendments. Conclusion: The amendment of soil by clays rich in plant available silicon may counteract ARD symptoms.
Keywords
- ARD biomarker, Mitigation strategy, Phytoalexins, Phytoliths, X-ray computed microtomography
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all)
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Cite this
- Standard
- Harvard
- Apa
- Vancouver
- BibTeX
- RIS
In: Silicon, Vol. 16, No. 10, 07.2024, p. 4343-4360.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Alleviation of Apple Replant Disease in Sandy Soils by Clay Amendments
AU - Schimmel, Jessica
AU - Gentsch, Norman
AU - Boy, Jens
AU - Uteau, Daniel
AU - Rohr, Annmarie Deetja
AU - Winkelmann, Traud
AU - Busnena, Belnaser
AU - Liu, Benye
AU - Krueger, Jiem
AU - Kaufhold, Stephan
AU - Rammlmair, Dieter
AU - Dultz, Stefan
AU - Maurischat, Philipp
AU - Beerhues, Ludger
AU - Guggenberger, Georg
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/7
Y1 - 2024/7
N2 - Purpose: The production of apple fruits in orchards or plants in tree nurseries is negatively affected by apple replant disease (ARD), worldwide. Our objective was to develop a method to counteract ARD without applying chemical soil disinfection. We tested if an addition of clays with high release of plant available silicon reduces ARD symptoms and a biochemical effect of silicon on the plant defence reaction occurs. Methods: In a greenhouse experiment, apple rootstocks ‘M26’ were grown for 8 weeks in a sandy replant soil, a heat disinfected control and a grassland soil (Grass) with and without amendment by bentonite and the clay blend Florisol®TM Profi (6 and 18%). The micromorphology of silica bodies (phytoliths) in roots and the phytoalexin concentration as a measure of the defence reaction of roots were analysed. In a second approach, the gene expression of ARD biomarkers involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis was determined after two weeks. Results: Normalised gene expression was significantly higher for the ARD soil with clay amendments compared to the ARD variant whereas phytoalexin concentrations were similar. Significantly lower phytoalexin levels were found in the heat disinfected and Grass variant, indicating less defence reaction than in the ARD variant. Clay amendment increased soluble silicon in the substrates and consequently silicon in the epidermis and vascular bundles, indicating high silicon accumulation. Plants grown in ARD and Grass with amendments showed improved growth compared to plants grown in the respective soils without amendments. Conclusion: The amendment of soil by clays rich in plant available silicon may counteract ARD symptoms.
AB - Purpose: The production of apple fruits in orchards or plants in tree nurseries is negatively affected by apple replant disease (ARD), worldwide. Our objective was to develop a method to counteract ARD without applying chemical soil disinfection. We tested if an addition of clays with high release of plant available silicon reduces ARD symptoms and a biochemical effect of silicon on the plant defence reaction occurs. Methods: In a greenhouse experiment, apple rootstocks ‘M26’ were grown for 8 weeks in a sandy replant soil, a heat disinfected control and a grassland soil (Grass) with and without amendment by bentonite and the clay blend Florisol®TM Profi (6 and 18%). The micromorphology of silica bodies (phytoliths) in roots and the phytoalexin concentration as a measure of the defence reaction of roots were analysed. In a second approach, the gene expression of ARD biomarkers involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis was determined after two weeks. Results: Normalised gene expression was significantly higher for the ARD soil with clay amendments compared to the ARD variant whereas phytoalexin concentrations were similar. Significantly lower phytoalexin levels were found in the heat disinfected and Grass variant, indicating less defence reaction than in the ARD variant. Clay amendment increased soluble silicon in the substrates and consequently silicon in the epidermis and vascular bundles, indicating high silicon accumulation. Plants grown in ARD and Grass with amendments showed improved growth compared to plants grown in the respective soils without amendments. Conclusion: The amendment of soil by clays rich in plant available silicon may counteract ARD symptoms.
KW - ARD biomarker
KW - Mitigation strategy
KW - Phytoalexins
KW - Phytoliths
KW - X-ray computed microtomography
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85192054734&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12633-024-03002-y
DO - 10.1007/s12633-024-03002-y
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85192054734
VL - 16
SP - 4343
EP - 4360
JO - Silicon
JF - Silicon
SN - 1876-990X
IS - 10
ER -