Alleviation of Apple Replant Disease in Sandy Soils by Clay Amendments

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

Autoren

Externe Organisationen

  • Universität Kassel
  • Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen
  • Technische Universität Braunschweig
  • Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR)
  • Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg
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Details

OriginalspracheEnglisch
Seiten (von - bis)4343-4360
Seitenumfang18
FachzeitschriftSilicon
Jahrgang16
Ausgabenummer10
Frühes Online-Datum4 Mai 2024
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - Juli 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The production of apple fruits in orchards or plants in tree nurseries is negatively affected by apple replant disease (ARD), worldwide. Our objective was to develop a method to counteract ARD without applying chemical soil disinfection. We tested if an addition of clays with high release of plant available silicon reduces ARD symptoms and a biochemical effect of silicon on the plant defence reaction occurs. Methods: In a greenhouse experiment, apple rootstocks ‘M26’ were grown for 8 weeks in a sandy replant soil, a heat disinfected control and a grassland soil (Grass) with and without amendment by bentonite and the clay blend Florisol®TM Profi (6 and 18%). The micromorphology of silica bodies (phytoliths) in roots and the phytoalexin concentration as a measure of the defence reaction of roots were analysed. In a second approach, the gene expression of ARD biomarkers involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis was determined after two weeks. Results: Normalised gene expression was significantly higher for the ARD soil with clay amendments compared to the ARD variant whereas phytoalexin concentrations were similar. Significantly lower phytoalexin levels were found in the heat disinfected and Grass variant, indicating less defence reaction than in the ARD variant. Clay amendment increased soluble silicon in the substrates and consequently silicon in the epidermis and vascular bundles, indicating high silicon accumulation. Plants grown in ARD and Grass with amendments showed improved growth compared to plants grown in the respective soils without amendments. Conclusion: The amendment of soil by clays rich in plant available silicon may counteract ARD symptoms.

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Alleviation of Apple Replant Disease in Sandy Soils by Clay Amendments. / Schimmel, Jessica; Gentsch, Norman; Boy, Jens et al.
in: Silicon, Jahrgang 16, Nr. 10, 07.2024, S. 4343-4360.

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

Schimmel, J, Gentsch, N, Boy, J, Uteau, D, Rohr, AD, Winkelmann, T, Busnena, B, Liu, B, Krueger, J, Kaufhold, S, Rammlmair, D, Dultz, S, Maurischat, P, Beerhues, L & Guggenberger, G 2024, 'Alleviation of Apple Replant Disease in Sandy Soils by Clay Amendments', Silicon, Jg. 16, Nr. 10, S. 4343-4360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-024-03002-y
Schimmel, J., Gentsch, N., Boy, J., Uteau, D., Rohr, A. D., Winkelmann, T., Busnena, B., Liu, B., Krueger, J., Kaufhold, S., Rammlmair, D., Dultz, S., Maurischat, P., Beerhues, L., & Guggenberger, G. (2024). Alleviation of Apple Replant Disease in Sandy Soils by Clay Amendments. Silicon, 16(10), 4343-4360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-024-03002-y
Schimmel J, Gentsch N, Boy J, Uteau D, Rohr AD, Winkelmann T et al. Alleviation of Apple Replant Disease in Sandy Soils by Clay Amendments. Silicon. 2024 Jul;16(10):4343-4360. Epub 2024 Mai 4. doi: 10.1007/s12633-024-03002-y
Schimmel, Jessica ; Gentsch, Norman ; Boy, Jens et al. / Alleviation of Apple Replant Disease in Sandy Soils by Clay Amendments. in: Silicon. 2024 ; Jahrgang 16, Nr. 10. S. 4343-4360.
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abstract = "Purpose: The production of apple fruits in orchards or plants in tree nurseries is negatively affected by apple replant disease (ARD), worldwide. Our objective was to develop a method to counteract ARD without applying chemical soil disinfection. We tested if an addition of clays with high release of plant available silicon reduces ARD symptoms and a biochemical effect of silicon on the plant defence reaction occurs. Methods: In a greenhouse experiment, apple rootstocks {\textquoteleft}M26{\textquoteright} were grown for 8 weeks in a sandy replant soil, a heat disinfected control and a grassland soil (Grass) with and without amendment by bentonite and the clay blend Florisol{\textregistered}TM Profi (6 and 18%). The micromorphology of silica bodies (phytoliths) in roots and the phytoalexin concentration as a measure of the defence reaction of roots were analysed. In a second approach, the gene expression of ARD biomarkers involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis was determined after two weeks. Results: Normalised gene expression was significantly higher for the ARD soil with clay amendments compared to the ARD variant whereas phytoalexin concentrations were similar. Significantly lower phytoalexin levels were found in the heat disinfected and Grass variant, indicating less defence reaction than in the ARD variant. Clay amendment increased soluble silicon in the substrates and consequently silicon in the epidermis and vascular bundles, indicating high silicon accumulation. Plants grown in ARD and Grass with amendments showed improved growth compared to plants grown in the respective soils without amendments. Conclusion: The amendment of soil by clays rich in plant available silicon may counteract ARD symptoms.",
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AU - Schimmel, Jessica

AU - Gentsch, Norman

AU - Boy, Jens

AU - Uteau, Daniel

AU - Rohr, Annmarie Deetja

AU - Winkelmann, Traud

AU - Busnena, Belnaser

AU - Liu, Benye

AU - Krueger, Jiem

AU - Kaufhold, Stephan

AU - Rammlmair, Dieter

AU - Dultz, Stefan

AU - Maurischat, Philipp

AU - Beerhues, Ludger

AU - Guggenberger, Georg

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.

PY - 2024/7

Y1 - 2024/7

N2 - Purpose: The production of apple fruits in orchards or plants in tree nurseries is negatively affected by apple replant disease (ARD), worldwide. Our objective was to develop a method to counteract ARD without applying chemical soil disinfection. We tested if an addition of clays with high release of plant available silicon reduces ARD symptoms and a biochemical effect of silicon on the plant defence reaction occurs. Methods: In a greenhouse experiment, apple rootstocks ‘M26’ were grown for 8 weeks in a sandy replant soil, a heat disinfected control and a grassland soil (Grass) with and without amendment by bentonite and the clay blend Florisol®TM Profi (6 and 18%). The micromorphology of silica bodies (phytoliths) in roots and the phytoalexin concentration as a measure of the defence reaction of roots were analysed. In a second approach, the gene expression of ARD biomarkers involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis was determined after two weeks. Results: Normalised gene expression was significantly higher for the ARD soil with clay amendments compared to the ARD variant whereas phytoalexin concentrations were similar. Significantly lower phytoalexin levels were found in the heat disinfected and Grass variant, indicating less defence reaction than in the ARD variant. Clay amendment increased soluble silicon in the substrates and consequently silicon in the epidermis and vascular bundles, indicating high silicon accumulation. Plants grown in ARD and Grass with amendments showed improved growth compared to plants grown in the respective soils without amendments. Conclusion: The amendment of soil by clays rich in plant available silicon may counteract ARD symptoms.

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KW - Phytoalexins

KW - Phytoliths

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VL - 16

SP - 4343

EP - 4360

JO - Silicon

JF - Silicon

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