TY - JOUR

T1 - Gaussian Process Mapping of Uncertain Building Models with GMM as Prior

AU - Zou, Qianqian

AU - Sester, Monika

AU - Brenner, Claus

PY - 2023/9/5

Y1 - 2023/9/5

N2 - Mapping with uncertainty representation is required in many research domains, especially for localization. Although there are many investigations regarding the uncertainty of the pose estimation of an ego-robot with map information, the quality of the reference maps is often neglected. To avoid potential problems caused by the errors of maps and a lack of uncertainty quantification, an adequate uncertainty measure for the maps is required. In this paper, uncertain building models with abstract map surfaces using Gaussian Processes (GPs) are proposed to describe the map uncertainty in a probabilistic way. To reduce the redundant computation for simple planar objects, extracted facets from a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) are combined with an implicit GP map, also employing local GP-block techniques. The proposed method is evaluated on LiDAR point clouds of city buildings collected by a mobile mapping system. Compared to the performance of other methods such as Octomap, GP Occupancy Map (GPOM), Bayesian Generalized Kernel Inference (BGKOctomap), Local automatic relevance determination Hilbert map (LARD-HM) and Gaussian Implicit Surface map (GPIS), our method achieves a higher Precision-Recall AUC for the evaluated buildings.

AB - Mapping with uncertainty representation is required in many research domains, especially for localization. Although there are many investigations regarding the uncertainty of the pose estimation of an ego-robot with map information, the quality of the reference maps is often neglected. To avoid potential problems caused by the errors of maps and a lack of uncertainty quantification, an adequate uncertainty measure for the maps is required. In this paper, uncertain building models with abstract map surfaces using Gaussian Processes (GPs) are proposed to describe the map uncertainty in a probabilistic way. To reduce the redundant computation for simple planar objects, extracted facets from a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) are combined with an implicit GP map, also employing local GP-block techniques. The proposed method is evaluated on LiDAR point clouds of city buildings collected by a mobile mapping system. Compared to the performance of other methods such as Octomap, GP Occupancy Map (GPOM), Bayesian Generalized Kernel Inference (BGKOctomap), Local automatic relevance determination Hilbert map (LARD-HM) and Gaussian Implicit Surface map (GPIS), our method achieves a higher Precision-Recall AUC for the evaluated buildings.

KW - Buildings

KW - Kernel

KW - Laser-based

KW - Location awareness

KW - Mapping

KW - Measurement uncertainty

KW - Point cloud compression

KW - Probabilistic logic

KW - Probability and statistical methods

KW - Uncertainty

KW - Uncertainty representation

KW - uncertainty representation

KW - probability and statistical methods

KW - laser-based

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85167803746&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.48550/arXiv.2212.07271

DO - 10.48550/arXiv.2212.07271

M3 - Article

VL - 8

SP - 6579

EP - 6586

JO - IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters

JF - IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters

SN - 2377-3766

IS - 10

ER -