TY - JOUR

T1 - Evolution of the Kiruna-type Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran

AU - Alibabaie, N.

AU - Esmaeily, D.

AU - Peters, S. T.M.

AU - Horn, I.

AU - Gerdes., A.

AU - Nirooamand, S.

AU - Jian, W.

AU - Mansouri, T.

AU - Tudeshki, H.

AU - Lehmann, B.

N1 - Funding information: We would like to acknowledge the Iranian Ministry of Sciences, Research and Technology and Gohar-Zamin mine (Research and Development) for financial support. Many thanks go to Fred Türck for computer support, Ulf Hemmerling for excellent sample preparation, Wilfried Ließmann for useful discussions and comments on the microscopic sections, and colleagues at the Institute of Mineralogy and Mineral Resources of TU Claustha (Jonas Alles and Alexander-Maria Ploch), for helping with lab works. In addition, the managers and technical staff of Gohar-Zamin mine are acknowledged for providing access to the deposit, sampling and support during fieldwork. This paper is based on a Ph.D. thesis in the Geology Department of the University of Tehran. The manuscript benefitted from comments of the three anonymous referees, and efficient reviews and handling by Associate Editor Dr. Hooshang Asadi Haroni and Editor in Chief Prof. Franco Pirajno. We would like to acknowledge the Iranian Ministry of Sciences, Research and Technology and Gohar-Zamin mine (Research and Development) for financial support. Many thanks go to Fred T?rck for computer support, Ulf Hemmerling for excellent sample preparation, Wilfried Lie?mann for useful discussions and comments on the microscopic sections, and colleagues at the Institute of Mineralogy and Mineral Resources of TU Claustha (Jonas Alles and Alexander-Maria Ploch), for helping with lab works. In addition, the managers and technical staff of Gohar-Zamin mine are acknowledged for providing access to the deposit, sampling and support during fieldwork. This paper is based on a Ph.D. thesis in the Geology Department of the University of Tehran. The manuscript benefitted from comments of the three anonymous referees, and efficient reviews and handling by Associate Editor Dr. Hooshang Asadi Haroni and Editor in Chief Prof. Franco Pirajno.

PY - 2020/12

Y1 - 2020/12

N2 - The Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of south-western Iran comprises six major ore bodies. The largest deposit is Gol-e-Gohar No. 3 (Gohar-Zamin) with about 643 Mt @ 53.1% Fe. The host rocks in this district are Late Neoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks (para-gneiss, marble), meta-basalt (ortho-amphibolite), and I-type meta-granite (ortho-gneiss). The district is characterized by potassic-sodic (albite-K-feldspar), phyllic (muscovite) and propylitic (chlorite-calcite-dolomite-magnesite with pyrite) hydrothermal alteration, and massive and brecciated Kiruna-type magnetite ± apatite mineralization. There is also boron (B) metasomatism, manifested as tourmaline blastesis. Gol-e-Gohar magnetite contains Mg, Ca and Si up to the percent range, V and Ti in the 100s ppm level, and low Cr, Co, Ni in the tens of ppm range, typical of skarn or IOCG mineralization. The oxygen isotope composition of magnetite is 4.9 ± 0.7‰ δ18O (n = 9) and the iron isotope composition is 0.49 ± 0.05‰ δ56Fe (n = 17). These data suggest that the magnetite ore formed from a magmatic-hydrothermal (high-T) fluid in equilibrium with a granitic source. The hydrothermal carbonate inclusions in late pyrite have δ11B values of 20.3 ± 2.4‰, indicating the imprint of fluids which interacted with the Early Cambrian marine country rocks of the district, such as limestone and/or evaporites. The Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district shows several similarities to the Bafq iron district, located about 400 km to the north, and seems to be a disrupted member of the Kashmar-Kerman arc.

AB - The Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of south-western Iran comprises six major ore bodies. The largest deposit is Gol-e-Gohar No. 3 (Gohar-Zamin) with about 643 Mt @ 53.1% Fe. The host rocks in this district are Late Neoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks (para-gneiss, marble), meta-basalt (ortho-amphibolite), and I-type meta-granite (ortho-gneiss). The district is characterized by potassic-sodic (albite-K-feldspar), phyllic (muscovite) and propylitic (chlorite-calcite-dolomite-magnesite with pyrite) hydrothermal alteration, and massive and brecciated Kiruna-type magnetite ± apatite mineralization. There is also boron (B) metasomatism, manifested as tourmaline blastesis. Gol-e-Gohar magnetite contains Mg, Ca and Si up to the percent range, V and Ti in the 100s ppm level, and low Cr, Co, Ni in the tens of ppm range, typical of skarn or IOCG mineralization. The oxygen isotope composition of magnetite is 4.9 ± 0.7‰ δ18O (n = 9) and the iron isotope composition is 0.49 ± 0.05‰ δ56Fe (n = 17). These data suggest that the magnetite ore formed from a magmatic-hydrothermal (high-T) fluid in equilibrium with a granitic source. The hydrothermal carbonate inclusions in late pyrite have δ11B values of 20.3 ± 2.4‰, indicating the imprint of fluids which interacted with the Early Cambrian marine country rocks of the district, such as limestone and/or evaporites. The Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district shows several similarities to the Bafq iron district, located about 400 km to the north, and seems to be a disrupted member of the Kashmar-Kerman arc.

KW - Fe isotopes

KW - Gol-e-Gohar No.3 iron deposit

KW - Magmatic-hydrothermal

KW - Meta-granite

KW - Oxygen isotopes

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85095915810&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103787

DO - 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103787

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85095915810

VL - 127

JO - Ore geology reviews

JF - Ore geology reviews

SN - 0169-1368

M1 - 103787

ER -