Evolution of the Kiruna-type Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Authors

  • N. Alibabaie
  • D. Esmaeily
  • S. T.M. Peters
  • I. Horn
  • A. Gerdes.
  • S. Nirooamand
  • W. Jian
  • T. Mansouri
  • H. Tudeshki
  • B. Lehmann

Research Organisations

External Research Organisations

  • University of Tehran
  • Clausthal University of Technology
  • University of Göttingen
  • Goethe University Frankfurt
  • Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS)
  • Golgohar Mining & Industrial Co.
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Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number103787
JournalOre geology reviews
Volume127
Early online date25 Sept 2020
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2020

Abstract

The Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of south-western Iran comprises six major ore bodies. The largest deposit is Gol-e-Gohar No. 3 (Gohar-Zamin) with about 643 Mt @ 53.1% Fe. The host rocks in this district are Late Neoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks (para-gneiss, marble), meta-basalt (ortho-amphibolite), and I-type meta-granite (ortho-gneiss). The district is characterized by potassic-sodic (albite-K-feldspar), phyllic (muscovite) and propylitic (chlorite-calcite-dolomite-magnesite with pyrite) hydrothermal alteration, and massive and brecciated Kiruna-type magnetite ± apatite mineralization. There is also boron (B) metasomatism, manifested as tourmaline blastesis. Gol-e-Gohar magnetite contains Mg, Ca and Si up to the percent range, V and Ti in the 100s ppm level, and low Cr, Co, Ni in the tens of ppm range, typical of skarn or IOCG mineralization. The oxygen isotope composition of magnetite is 4.9 ± 0.7‰ δ18O (n = 9) and the iron isotope composition is 0.49 ± 0.05‰ δ56Fe (n = 17). These data suggest that the magnetite ore formed from a magmatic-hydrothermal (high-T) fluid in equilibrium with a granitic source. The hydrothermal carbonate inclusions in late pyrite have δ11B values of 20.3 ± 2.4‰, indicating the imprint of fluids which interacted with the Early Cambrian marine country rocks of the district, such as limestone and/or evaporites. The Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district shows several similarities to the Bafq iron district, located about 400 km to the north, and seems to be a disrupted member of the Kashmar-Kerman arc.

Keywords

    Fe isotopes, Gol-e-Gohar No.3 iron deposit, Magmatic-hydrothermal, Meta-granite, Oxygen isotopes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Sustainable Development Goals

Cite this

Evolution of the Kiruna-type Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran. / Alibabaie, N.; Esmaeily, D.; Peters, S. T.M. et al.
In: Ore geology reviews, Vol. 127, 103787, 12.2020.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Alibabaie, N, Esmaeily, D, Peters, STM, Horn, I, Gerdes., A, Nirooamand, S, Jian, W, Mansouri, T, Tudeshki, H & Lehmann, B 2020, 'Evolution of the Kiruna-type Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran', Ore geology reviews, vol. 127, 103787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103787
Alibabaie, N., Esmaeily, D., Peters, S. T. M., Horn, I., Gerdes., A., Nirooamand, S., Jian, W., Mansouri, T., Tudeshki, H., & Lehmann, B. (2020). Evolution of the Kiruna-type Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran. Ore geology reviews, 127, Article 103787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103787
Alibabaie N, Esmaeily D, Peters STM, Horn I, Gerdes. A, Nirooamand S et al. Evolution of the Kiruna-type Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran. Ore geology reviews. 2020 Dec;127:103787. Epub 2020 Sept 25. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103787
Alibabaie, N. ; Esmaeily, D. ; Peters, S. T.M. et al. / Evolution of the Kiruna-type Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran. In: Ore geology reviews. 2020 ; Vol. 127.
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title = "Evolution of the Kiruna-type Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran",
abstract = "The Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of south-western Iran comprises six major ore bodies. The largest deposit is Gol-e-Gohar No. 3 (Gohar-Zamin) with about 643 Mt @ 53.1% Fe. The host rocks in this district are Late Neoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks (para-gneiss, marble), meta-basalt (ortho-amphibolite), and I-type meta-granite (ortho-gneiss). The district is characterized by potassic-sodic (albite-K-feldspar), phyllic (muscovite) and propylitic (chlorite-calcite-dolomite-magnesite with pyrite) hydrothermal alteration, and massive and brecciated Kiruna-type magnetite ± apatite mineralization. There is also boron (B) metasomatism, manifested as tourmaline blastesis. Gol-e-Gohar magnetite contains Mg, Ca and Si up to the percent range, V and Ti in the 100s ppm level, and low Cr, Co, Ni in the tens of ppm range, typical of skarn or IOCG mineralization. The oxygen isotope composition of magnetite is 4.9 ± 0.7‰ δ18O (n = 9) and the iron isotope composition is 0.49 ± 0.05‰ δ56Fe (n = 17). These data suggest that the magnetite ore formed from a magmatic-hydrothermal (high-T) fluid in equilibrium with a granitic source. The hydrothermal carbonate inclusions in late pyrite have δ11B values of 20.3 ± 2.4‰, indicating the imprint of fluids which interacted with the Early Cambrian marine country rocks of the district, such as limestone and/or evaporites. The Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district shows several similarities to the Bafq iron district, located about 400 km to the north, and seems to be a disrupted member of the Kashmar-Kerman arc.",
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note = "Funding information: We would like to acknowledge the Iranian Ministry of Sciences, Research and Technology and Gohar-Zamin mine (Research and Development) for financial support. Many thanks go to Fred T{\"u}rck for computer support, Ulf Hemmerling for excellent sample preparation, Wilfried Lie{\ss}mann for useful discussions and comments on the microscopic sections, and colleagues at the Institute of Mineralogy and Mineral Resources of TU Claustha (Jonas Alles and Alexander-Maria Ploch), for helping with lab works. In addition, the managers and technical staff of Gohar-Zamin mine are acknowledged for providing access to the deposit, sampling and support during fieldwork. This paper is based on a Ph.D. thesis in the Geology Department of the University of Tehran. The manuscript benefitted from comments of the three anonymous referees, and efficient reviews and handling by Associate Editor Dr. Hooshang Asadi Haroni and Editor in Chief Prof. Franco Pirajno. We would like to acknowledge the Iranian Ministry of Sciences, Research and Technology and Gohar-Zamin mine (Research and Development) for financial support. Many thanks go to Fred T?rck for computer support, Ulf Hemmerling for excellent sample preparation, Wilfried Lie?mann for useful discussions and comments on the microscopic sections, and colleagues at the Institute of Mineralogy and Mineral Resources of TU Claustha (Jonas Alles and Alexander-Maria Ploch), for helping with lab works. In addition, the managers and technical staff of Gohar-Zamin mine are acknowledged for providing access to the deposit, sampling and support during fieldwork. This paper is based on a Ph.D. thesis in the Geology Department of the University of Tehran. The manuscript benefitted from comments of the three anonymous referees, and efficient reviews and handling by Associate Editor Dr. Hooshang Asadi Haroni and Editor in Chief Prof. Franco Pirajno.",
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TY - JOUR

T1 - Evolution of the Kiruna-type Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran

AU - Alibabaie, N.

AU - Esmaeily, D.

AU - Peters, S. T.M.

AU - Horn, I.

AU - Gerdes., A.

AU - Nirooamand, S.

AU - Jian, W.

AU - Mansouri, T.

AU - Tudeshki, H.

AU - Lehmann, B.

N1 - Funding information: We would like to acknowledge the Iranian Ministry of Sciences, Research and Technology and Gohar-Zamin mine (Research and Development) for financial support. Many thanks go to Fred Türck for computer support, Ulf Hemmerling for excellent sample preparation, Wilfried Ließmann for useful discussions and comments on the microscopic sections, and colleagues at the Institute of Mineralogy and Mineral Resources of TU Claustha (Jonas Alles and Alexander-Maria Ploch), for helping with lab works. In addition, the managers and technical staff of Gohar-Zamin mine are acknowledged for providing access to the deposit, sampling and support during fieldwork. This paper is based on a Ph.D. thesis in the Geology Department of the University of Tehran. The manuscript benefitted from comments of the three anonymous referees, and efficient reviews and handling by Associate Editor Dr. Hooshang Asadi Haroni and Editor in Chief Prof. Franco Pirajno. We would like to acknowledge the Iranian Ministry of Sciences, Research and Technology and Gohar-Zamin mine (Research and Development) for financial support. Many thanks go to Fred T?rck for computer support, Ulf Hemmerling for excellent sample preparation, Wilfried Lie?mann for useful discussions and comments on the microscopic sections, and colleagues at the Institute of Mineralogy and Mineral Resources of TU Claustha (Jonas Alles and Alexander-Maria Ploch), for helping with lab works. In addition, the managers and technical staff of Gohar-Zamin mine are acknowledged for providing access to the deposit, sampling and support during fieldwork. This paper is based on a Ph.D. thesis in the Geology Department of the University of Tehran. The manuscript benefitted from comments of the three anonymous referees, and efficient reviews and handling by Associate Editor Dr. Hooshang Asadi Haroni and Editor in Chief Prof. Franco Pirajno.

PY - 2020/12

Y1 - 2020/12

N2 - The Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of south-western Iran comprises six major ore bodies. The largest deposit is Gol-e-Gohar No. 3 (Gohar-Zamin) with about 643 Mt @ 53.1% Fe. The host rocks in this district are Late Neoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks (para-gneiss, marble), meta-basalt (ortho-amphibolite), and I-type meta-granite (ortho-gneiss). The district is characterized by potassic-sodic (albite-K-feldspar), phyllic (muscovite) and propylitic (chlorite-calcite-dolomite-magnesite with pyrite) hydrothermal alteration, and massive and brecciated Kiruna-type magnetite ± apatite mineralization. There is also boron (B) metasomatism, manifested as tourmaline blastesis. Gol-e-Gohar magnetite contains Mg, Ca and Si up to the percent range, V and Ti in the 100s ppm level, and low Cr, Co, Ni in the tens of ppm range, typical of skarn or IOCG mineralization. The oxygen isotope composition of magnetite is 4.9 ± 0.7‰ δ18O (n = 9) and the iron isotope composition is 0.49 ± 0.05‰ δ56Fe (n = 17). These data suggest that the magnetite ore formed from a magmatic-hydrothermal (high-T) fluid in equilibrium with a granitic source. The hydrothermal carbonate inclusions in late pyrite have δ11B values of 20.3 ± 2.4‰, indicating the imprint of fluids which interacted with the Early Cambrian marine country rocks of the district, such as limestone and/or evaporites. The Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district shows several similarities to the Bafq iron district, located about 400 km to the north, and seems to be a disrupted member of the Kashmar-Kerman arc.

AB - The Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of south-western Iran comprises six major ore bodies. The largest deposit is Gol-e-Gohar No. 3 (Gohar-Zamin) with about 643 Mt @ 53.1% Fe. The host rocks in this district are Late Neoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks (para-gneiss, marble), meta-basalt (ortho-amphibolite), and I-type meta-granite (ortho-gneiss). The district is characterized by potassic-sodic (albite-K-feldspar), phyllic (muscovite) and propylitic (chlorite-calcite-dolomite-magnesite with pyrite) hydrothermal alteration, and massive and brecciated Kiruna-type magnetite ± apatite mineralization. There is also boron (B) metasomatism, manifested as tourmaline blastesis. Gol-e-Gohar magnetite contains Mg, Ca and Si up to the percent range, V and Ti in the 100s ppm level, and low Cr, Co, Ni in the tens of ppm range, typical of skarn or IOCG mineralization. The oxygen isotope composition of magnetite is 4.9 ± 0.7‰ δ18O (n = 9) and the iron isotope composition is 0.49 ± 0.05‰ δ56Fe (n = 17). These data suggest that the magnetite ore formed from a magmatic-hydrothermal (high-T) fluid in equilibrium with a granitic source. The hydrothermal carbonate inclusions in late pyrite have δ11B values of 20.3 ± 2.4‰, indicating the imprint of fluids which interacted with the Early Cambrian marine country rocks of the district, such as limestone and/or evaporites. The Gol-e-Gohar iron ore district shows several similarities to the Bafq iron district, located about 400 km to the north, and seems to be a disrupted member of the Kashmar-Kerman arc.

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