TY - JOUR

T1 - Equivalence of Active and Passive Gravitational Mass Tested with Lunar Laser Ranging

AU - Singh, Vishwa Vijay

AU - Müller, Jürgen

AU - Biskupek, Liliane

AU - Hackmann, Eva

AU - Lämmerzahl, Claus

N1 - Funding Information: Current LLR data are collected, archived, and distributed under the auspices of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) . We acknowledge with thanks that the processed LLR data, since 1969, has been obtained under the efforts of the personnel at the Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur in France, the LURE Observatory in Maui, Hawaii, the McDonald Observatory in Texas, the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, the Matera Laser Ranging observatory in Italy, and the Wettzell Laser Ranging System in Germany. This research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy EXC 2123 QuantumFrontiers, Project-ID 390837967. We also thank James G. Williams, California Institute of Technology for an extensive discussion on the effect of the degree 2 tides. Without his help, this publication would not have been possible.

PY - 2023/7/14

Y1 - 2023/7/14

N2 - Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) measures the distance between observatories on Earth and retro-reflectors on the Moon since 1969. In this Letter, we study the possible violation of the equivalence of passive and active gravitational mass (ma/mp), for aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe), using LLR data. Our new limit of 3.9×10-14 is about 100 times better than that of Bartlett and Van Buren [Equivalence of Active and Passive Gravitational Mass Using the Moon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 21 (1986)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.57.21] reflecting the benefit of the many years of LLR data.

AB - Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) measures the distance between observatories on Earth and retro-reflectors on the Moon since 1969. In this Letter, we study the possible violation of the equivalence of passive and active gravitational mass (ma/mp), for aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe), using LLR data. Our new limit of 3.9×10-14 is about 100 times better than that of Bartlett and Van Buren [Equivalence of Active and Passive Gravitational Mass Using the Moon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 21 (1986)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.57.21] reflecting the benefit of the many years of LLR data.

KW - gr-qc

KW - astro-ph.EP

KW - physics.space-ph

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85164975300&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.48550/arXiv.2212.09407

DO - 10.48550/arXiv.2212.09407

M3 - Article

VL - 131

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

SN - 0031-9007

IS - 2

M1 - 021401

ER -