Modeling approaches for precise relativistic orbits: Analytical, Lie-series, and pN approximation

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Authors

  • Dennis Philipp
  • Florian Wöske
  • Liliane Biskupek
  • Eva Hackmann
  • Enrico Mai
  • Meike List
  • Claus Lämmerzahl
  • Benny Rievers

Research Organisations

External Research Organisations

  • Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM)
  • University of Bremen
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Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)921-934
Number of pages14
JournalAdvances in Space Research
Volume62
Issue number4
Early online date24 May 2018
Publication statusPublished - 15 Aug 2018

Abstract

Accurate orbit modeling plays a key role in contemporary and future space missions such as GRACE and its successor GRACE-FO, GNSS, and altimetry missions. To fully exploit the technological capabilities and correctly interpret measurements, relativistic orbital effects need to be taken into account. Within the theory of General Relativity, equations of motion for freely falling test objects, such as satellites orbiting the Earth, are given by the geodesic equation. We analyze and compare different solution methods in a spherically symmetric background, i.e. for the Schwarzschild spacetime, as a test bed. We investigate satellite orbits and use direct numerical orbit integration as well as the semi-analytical Lie-series approach. The results are compared to the exact analytical reference solution in terms of elliptic functions. For a set of exemplary orbits, we determine the respective accuracy of the different methods. Within the post-Newtonian approximation of General Relativity, modified orbital equations are obtained by adding relativistic corrections to the Newtonian equations of motion. We analyze the accuracy of this approximation with respect to the general relativistic setting. Therefore, we solve the post-Newtonian equation of motion using the eXtended High Performance Satellite dynamics Simulator. For corresponding initial conditions, we compare orbits in the Schwarzschild spacetime to those in its post-Newtonian approximation. Moreover, we compare the magnitude of relativistic contributions to several typical perturbations of satellite orbits due to, e.g., solar radiation pressure, Earth's albedo, and atmospheric drag. This comparison is done for our test scenarios and for a real GRACE orbit to highlight the importance of relativistic effects in geodetic space missions. For the considered orbits, first-order relativistic contributions give accelerations of about 20 nm/s 2 and are dominant in the radial direction.

Keywords

    Orbit propagation, Post-Newtonian theory, Relativistic effects, Relativistic geodesy, Satellite orbits

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Cite this

Modeling approaches for precise relativistic orbits: Analytical, Lie-series, and pN approximation. / Philipp, Dennis; Wöske, Florian; Biskupek, Liliane et al.
In: Advances in Space Research, Vol. 62, No. 4, 15.08.2018, p. 921-934.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Philipp, D, Wöske, F, Biskupek, L, Hackmann, E, Mai, E, List, M, Lämmerzahl, C & Rievers, B 2018, 'Modeling approaches for precise relativistic orbits: Analytical, Lie-series, and pN approximation', Advances in Space Research, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 921-934. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1708.04609, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2018.05.020
Philipp D, Wöske F, Biskupek L, Hackmann E, Mai E, List M et al. Modeling approaches for precise relativistic orbits: Analytical, Lie-series, and pN approximation. Advances in Space Research. 2018 Aug 15;62(4):921-934. Epub 2018 May 24. doi: 10.48550/arXiv.1708.04609, 10.1016/j.asr.2018.05.020
Philipp, Dennis ; Wöske, Florian ; Biskupek, Liliane et al. / Modeling approaches for precise relativistic orbits: Analytical, Lie-series, and pN approximation. In: Advances in Space Research. 2018 ; Vol. 62, No. 4. pp. 921-934.
Download
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abstract = "Accurate orbit modeling plays a key role in contemporary and future space missions such as GRACE and its successor GRACE-FO, GNSS, and altimetry missions. To fully exploit the technological capabilities and correctly interpret measurements, relativistic orbital effects need to be taken into account. Within the theory of General Relativity, equations of motion for freely falling test objects, such as satellites orbiting the Earth, are given by the geodesic equation. We analyze and compare different solution methods in a spherically symmetric background, i.e. for the Schwarzschild spacetime, as a test bed. We investigate satellite orbits and use direct numerical orbit integration as well as the semi-analytical Lie-series approach. The results are compared to the exact analytical reference solution in terms of elliptic functions. For a set of exemplary orbits, we determine the respective accuracy of the different methods. Within the post-Newtonian approximation of General Relativity, modified orbital equations are obtained by adding relativistic corrections to the Newtonian equations of motion. We analyze the accuracy of this approximation with respect to the general relativistic setting. Therefore, we solve the post-Newtonian equation of motion using the eXtended High Performance Satellite dynamics Simulator. For corresponding initial conditions, we compare orbits in the Schwarzschild spacetime to those in its post-Newtonian approximation. Moreover, we compare the magnitude of relativistic contributions to several typical perturbations of satellite orbits due to, e.g., solar radiation pressure, Earth's albedo, and atmospheric drag. This comparison is done for our test scenarios and for a real GRACE orbit to highlight the importance of relativistic effects in geodetic space missions. For the considered orbits, first-order relativistic contributions give accelerations of about 20 nm/s 2 and are dominant in the radial direction. ",
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AU - Philipp, Dennis

AU - Wöske, Florian

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AU - Hackmann, Eva

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