Details
Original language | English |
---|---|
Article number | 1731 |
Journal | Metals |
Volume | 12 |
Issue number | 10 |
Publication status | Published - 16 Oct 2022 |
Abstract
In the present study, tungsten inert gas wire and arc additive manufacturing was used to process an iron-based FeMnAlNi shape memory alloy. By a layer-by-layer method, a wall structure with a length of 60 mm and a height of 40 mm was generated. Bidirectional welding ensured grain growth parallel to the building direction. To maintain a nearly constant temperature–time path upon cooling, the structure was fully cooled after each weld to room temperature (298 K). With this approach, an anisotropic microstructure with a grain length of up to 8 mm (major axis) could be established. The grain morphology and formed phases were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The images revealed a difference in the orientation with respect to the building direction of the primarily formed γ grains along the grain boundaries and the secondarily formed γ grains in the heat-affected zones. Subgrains in the α matrix were observed also by scanning electron microscopy. With X-ray diffraction, the preferred orientation of the α grains with respect to the building direction was found to be near 〈100〉. Overall, an anisotropic polycrystalline material with a columnar texture could be produced, with a preferred grain orientation promising high values of transformation strains.
Keywords
- FeMnAlNi, grain morphology, iron-based shape memory alloy, microstructure, texture, thermomagnetization, tungsten inert gas welding, wire and arc additive manufacturing
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all)
- Materials Science(all)
- Metals and Alloys
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In: Metals, Vol. 12, No. 10, 1731, 16.10.2022.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Microstructural Investigation of a FeMnAlNi Shape Memory Alloy Processed by Tungsten Inert Gas Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing
AU - Viebranz, Vincent Fabian
AU - Hassel, Thomas
AU - Maier, Hans Jürgen
N1 - Funding information: This research was funded by DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNGSGEMEINSCHAFT, grant number 401738767. The material was processed by thyssenkrupp Steel Europe AG (Duisburg, Germany). The APC was funded by Open Access Fund of Leibniz Universität Hannover.
PY - 2022/10/16
Y1 - 2022/10/16
N2 - In the present study, tungsten inert gas wire and arc additive manufacturing was used to process an iron-based FeMnAlNi shape memory alloy. By a layer-by-layer method, a wall structure with a length of 60 mm and a height of 40 mm was generated. Bidirectional welding ensured grain growth parallel to the building direction. To maintain a nearly constant temperature–time path upon cooling, the structure was fully cooled after each weld to room temperature (298 K). With this approach, an anisotropic microstructure with a grain length of up to 8 mm (major axis) could be established. The grain morphology and formed phases were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The images revealed a difference in the orientation with respect to the building direction of the primarily formed γ grains along the grain boundaries and the secondarily formed γ grains in the heat-affected zones. Subgrains in the α matrix were observed also by scanning electron microscopy. With X-ray diffraction, the preferred orientation of the α grains with respect to the building direction was found to be near 〈100〉. Overall, an anisotropic polycrystalline material with a columnar texture could be produced, with a preferred grain orientation promising high values of transformation strains.
AB - In the present study, tungsten inert gas wire and arc additive manufacturing was used to process an iron-based FeMnAlNi shape memory alloy. By a layer-by-layer method, a wall structure with a length of 60 mm and a height of 40 mm was generated. Bidirectional welding ensured grain growth parallel to the building direction. To maintain a nearly constant temperature–time path upon cooling, the structure was fully cooled after each weld to room temperature (298 K). With this approach, an anisotropic microstructure with a grain length of up to 8 mm (major axis) could be established. The grain morphology and formed phases were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The images revealed a difference in the orientation with respect to the building direction of the primarily formed γ grains along the grain boundaries and the secondarily formed γ grains in the heat-affected zones. Subgrains in the α matrix were observed also by scanning electron microscopy. With X-ray diffraction, the preferred orientation of the α grains with respect to the building direction was found to be near 〈100〉. Overall, an anisotropic polycrystalline material with a columnar texture could be produced, with a preferred grain orientation promising high values of transformation strains.
KW - FeMnAlNi
KW - grain morphology
KW - iron-based shape memory alloy
KW - microstructure
KW - texture
KW - thermomagnetization
KW - tungsten inert gas welding
KW - wire and arc additive manufacturing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85140736473&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/met12101731
DO - 10.3390/met12101731
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85140736473
VL - 12
JO - Metals
JF - Metals
SN - 2075-4701
IS - 10
M1 - 1731
ER -