Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 106710 |
| Journal | Structures |
| Volume | 65 |
| Early online date | 14 Jun 2024 |
| Publication status | Published - Jul 2024 |
Abstract
This study presents a prestressed retrofitting solution for addressing fatigue issues in large-scale steel girders, employing iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) strips and adhesive bonding. A comprehensive study encompassing design, experimental tests, and numerical analysis is conducted to develop and validate the proposed solution. A 4200×100×1.5 mm Fe-SMA strip is fully bonded along its entire surface using a two-component epoxy adhesive to a 5300 mm span steel girder. An activation strategy to prestress the Fe-SMA strip is formulated based on a series of finite element (FE) analyses, entailing successive block-by-block heating using a gas torch. Experimental and numerical studies illuminate the full-range thermal and mechanical behavior of the retrofitted girder throughout the activation process. A FE heat transfer analysis with experimental validation reveals the temperature developments and distributions during activation, highlighting a 160 ℃/mm temperature gradient along the adhesive thickness and longitudinal distributions with localized high temperatures. The mechanical behavior during activation, encompassing the effects of thermal expansion, Fe-SMA prestress, and adhesive softening and re-hardening, is interpreted based on experimental and numerical results, showing the evolutions and distributions of deflections, strains, and Fe-SMA prestresses. Static tests and a high-cycle fatigue test up to 3 million load cycles demonstrate the effectiveness and structural integrity of the proposed retrofitting solution.
Keywords
- Epoxy adhesive bonding, Fe-SMA, Heat transfer analysis, Memory-steel, Prestress, Repair, Steel structure, Strengthening
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Engineering(all)
- Civil and Structural Engineering
- Engineering(all)
- Architecture
- Engineering(all)
- Building and Construction
- Engineering(all)
- Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
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In: Structures, Vol. 65, 106710, 07.2024.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Fully bonded iron-based shape memory alloy for retrofitting large-scale bridge girders
T2 - Thermal and mechanical behavior
AU - Wang, Sizhe
AU - Su, Qingtian
AU - Jiang, Xu
AU - Michels, Julien
AU - Ghafoori, Elyas
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors
PY - 2024/7
Y1 - 2024/7
N2 - This study presents a prestressed retrofitting solution for addressing fatigue issues in large-scale steel girders, employing iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) strips and adhesive bonding. A comprehensive study encompassing design, experimental tests, and numerical analysis is conducted to develop and validate the proposed solution. A 4200×100×1.5 mm Fe-SMA strip is fully bonded along its entire surface using a two-component epoxy adhesive to a 5300 mm span steel girder. An activation strategy to prestress the Fe-SMA strip is formulated based on a series of finite element (FE) analyses, entailing successive block-by-block heating using a gas torch. Experimental and numerical studies illuminate the full-range thermal and mechanical behavior of the retrofitted girder throughout the activation process. A FE heat transfer analysis with experimental validation reveals the temperature developments and distributions during activation, highlighting a 160 ℃/mm temperature gradient along the adhesive thickness and longitudinal distributions with localized high temperatures. The mechanical behavior during activation, encompassing the effects of thermal expansion, Fe-SMA prestress, and adhesive softening and re-hardening, is interpreted based on experimental and numerical results, showing the evolutions and distributions of deflections, strains, and Fe-SMA prestresses. Static tests and a high-cycle fatigue test up to 3 million load cycles demonstrate the effectiveness and structural integrity of the proposed retrofitting solution.
AB - This study presents a prestressed retrofitting solution for addressing fatigue issues in large-scale steel girders, employing iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) strips and adhesive bonding. A comprehensive study encompassing design, experimental tests, and numerical analysis is conducted to develop and validate the proposed solution. A 4200×100×1.5 mm Fe-SMA strip is fully bonded along its entire surface using a two-component epoxy adhesive to a 5300 mm span steel girder. An activation strategy to prestress the Fe-SMA strip is formulated based on a series of finite element (FE) analyses, entailing successive block-by-block heating using a gas torch. Experimental and numerical studies illuminate the full-range thermal and mechanical behavior of the retrofitted girder throughout the activation process. A FE heat transfer analysis with experimental validation reveals the temperature developments and distributions during activation, highlighting a 160 ℃/mm temperature gradient along the adhesive thickness and longitudinal distributions with localized high temperatures. The mechanical behavior during activation, encompassing the effects of thermal expansion, Fe-SMA prestress, and adhesive softening and re-hardening, is interpreted based on experimental and numerical results, showing the evolutions and distributions of deflections, strains, and Fe-SMA prestresses. Static tests and a high-cycle fatigue test up to 3 million load cycles demonstrate the effectiveness and structural integrity of the proposed retrofitting solution.
KW - Epoxy adhesive bonding
KW - Fe-SMA
KW - Heat transfer analysis
KW - Memory-steel
KW - Prestress
KW - Repair
KW - Steel structure
KW - Strengthening
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85196019889&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.istruc.2024.106710
DO - 10.1016/j.istruc.2024.106710
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85196019889
VL - 65
JO - Structures
JF - Structures
SN - 2352-0124
M1 - 106710
ER -