Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1081-1093 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Advances in space research |
| Volume | 72 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| Early online date | 1 Jun 2023 |
| Publication status | Published - 15 Aug 2023 |
Abstract
Microwave signals, for example, those from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), are affected by tropospheric turbulence in such a way that the random fluctuations of the atmospheric index of refractivity correlate the phase measurements. A proper modeling of correlations is mandatory to avoid biased analysis, particularly when statistical tests are used. In this contribution, we analyze single differences (SD) computed from Global Positioning System (GPS) phase observations for which the between receiver clock error could be strongly mitigated by a specific common clock setting. We estimate specific parameters from the power spectral density (psd), which is directly related to the correlation function, with the debiased Whittle maximum likelihood and investigate their dependencies with the satellite geometry (elevation, azimuth angles) and the time of the day. We show that (i) the estimated slopes of the psd follow the one predicted by the Kolmogorov turbulence theory and (ii) the cut-off at high frequencies shows daily variations that may be linked with the strength of the turbulence. Based on these findings, we derive an improved spectral density model for GPS phase SD. The results of this study contribute to improving the stochastic description of random effects impacting VLBI and GNSS phase observations by studying variations of parameters from the von Karman spectrum.
Keywords
- atmospheric turbulence, Common clock, Correlation model, GPS single difference, Kolmogorov turbulence theory, outer scale length, VLBI
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Engineering(all)
- Aerospace Engineering
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
- Geophysics
- Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
- Atmospheric Science
- Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
- Space and Planetary Science
- Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
Research Area (based on ÖFOS 2012)
- NATURAL SCIENCES
- Physics, Astronomy
- Physics, Astronomy
- Astronomy
- NATURAL SCIENCES
- Mathematics
- Mathematics
- Probability theory
Sustainable Development Goals
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In: Advances in space research, Vol. 72, No. 4, 15.08.2023, p. 1081-1093.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Common-clock GPS single differences
T2 - An improved correlation model for GPS phase observations based on turbulence theory
AU - Kermarrec, Gaël
AU - Schön, Steffen
N1 - Funding Information: Dr. Le Ren is warmly thanked for having processed the SD analyzed in this contribution. Dr. Thomas Krawinkel set up the GNSS measurements. We further thank Dr. Andreas Bauch und Julia Leute, both from PTB, for operating the common clock experiment. This study is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under the project KE2453/2-1, as a pre-step to the analysis of atmospheric noise from a terrestrial laser scanner. The data from the GPS experiment was captured within the research project “Surveying” funded by the European Metrology Research Program. Some analyses were made in the framework of the Collaborative Research Center TerraQ funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft – Project-ID 434617780 – SFB 1464.
PY - 2023/8/15
Y1 - 2023/8/15
N2 - Microwave signals, for example, those from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), are affected by tropospheric turbulence in such a way that the random fluctuations of the atmospheric index of refractivity correlate the phase measurements. A proper modeling of correlations is mandatory to avoid biased analysis, particularly when statistical tests are used. In this contribution, we analyze single differences (SD) computed from Global Positioning System (GPS) phase observations for which the between receiver clock error could be strongly mitigated by a specific common clock setting. We estimate specific parameters from the power spectral density (psd), which is directly related to the correlation function, with the debiased Whittle maximum likelihood and investigate their dependencies with the satellite geometry (elevation, azimuth angles) and the time of the day. We show that (i) the estimated slopes of the psd follow the one predicted by the Kolmogorov turbulence theory and (ii) the cut-off at high frequencies shows daily variations that may be linked with the strength of the turbulence. Based on these findings, we derive an improved spectral density model for GPS phase SD. The results of this study contribute to improving the stochastic description of random effects impacting VLBI and GNSS phase observations by studying variations of parameters from the von Karman spectrum.
AB - Microwave signals, for example, those from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), are affected by tropospheric turbulence in such a way that the random fluctuations of the atmospheric index of refractivity correlate the phase measurements. A proper modeling of correlations is mandatory to avoid biased analysis, particularly when statistical tests are used. In this contribution, we analyze single differences (SD) computed from Global Positioning System (GPS) phase observations for which the between receiver clock error could be strongly mitigated by a specific common clock setting. We estimate specific parameters from the power spectral density (psd), which is directly related to the correlation function, with the debiased Whittle maximum likelihood and investigate their dependencies with the satellite geometry (elevation, azimuth angles) and the time of the day. We show that (i) the estimated slopes of the psd follow the one predicted by the Kolmogorov turbulence theory and (ii) the cut-off at high frequencies shows daily variations that may be linked with the strength of the turbulence. Based on these findings, we derive an improved spectral density model for GPS phase SD. The results of this study contribute to improving the stochastic description of random effects impacting VLBI and GNSS phase observations by studying variations of parameters from the von Karman spectrum.
KW - atmospheric turbulence
KW - Common clock
KW - Correlation model
KW - GPS single difference
KW - Kolmogorov turbulence theory
KW - outer scale length
KW - VLBI
KW - Atmosphärische Turbulenz
KW - Common Clock
KW - Korrelationsmodell
KW - GPS Einfachdifferenzen
KW - Kolmogorov Turbulenz Theorie
KW - outer scale length
KW - VLBI
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85163368514&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.asr.2023.05.042
DO - 10.1016/j.asr.2023.05.042
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85163368514
VL - 72
SP - 1081
EP - 1093
JO - Advances in space research
JF - Advances in space research
SN - 0273-1177
IS - 4
ER -