Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 075006 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Smart materials and structures |
| Volume | 33 |
| Issue number | 7 |
| Publication status | Published - 5 Jun 2024 |
Abstract
The transformation of metastable austenite to martensite under mechanical loading can be harnessed to create a material sensor which records a measure of the load history without the need for electrical energy and can be read out at arbitrary intervals via eddy current probing, thus leading to an ultra-low-power sensing solution. This paper presents possibilities of processing this load amplitude-dependent evolution of martensite content loading for component fatigue analysis. The general method is based on using a theoretical material model typically used in finite element analyses which includes hardening plasticity and phase transformation to precompute tables of stress amplitude or cumulative damage corresponding to different sensor readings which can be stored on a low power processing system onboard the component for energy-efficient lookup. At nominal single amplitude loading, the sensor can be used as a load cycle counter for known loads or as an overload detection device upon divergent martensite content rise. Interpretation of block program loading is less practical due to resolution issues. Under random loading, sequence effects get averaged out; interpretation is easiest with narrow load spectra, but information can be gained from very wide spectra as well. Multiple sensors at different locations can aid interpretation. Uncertainty due to necessary assumptions and untreated influences of temperature and loading rate is discussed.
Keywords
- low power sensor, material sensor, metastable austenite, sensor integrating machine elements, structural health monitoring
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Computer Science(all)
- Signal Processing
- Engineering(all)
- Civil and Structural Engineering
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Materials Science(all)
- General Materials Science
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Engineering(all)
- Mechanics of Materials
- Engineering(all)
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
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In: Smart materials and structures, Vol. 33, No. 7, 075006, 05.06.2024.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - An approach to interpreting metastable austenitic material sensors for fatigue analysis
AU - Heinrich, Christian
AU - Gansel, René
AU - Schäfer, Günter
AU - Barton, Sebastian
AU - Lohrengel, Armin
AU - Maier, Hans Jürgen
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
PY - 2024/6/5
Y1 - 2024/6/5
N2 - The transformation of metastable austenite to martensite under mechanical loading can be harnessed to create a material sensor which records a measure of the load history without the need for electrical energy and can be read out at arbitrary intervals via eddy current probing, thus leading to an ultra-low-power sensing solution. This paper presents possibilities of processing this load amplitude-dependent evolution of martensite content loading for component fatigue analysis. The general method is based on using a theoretical material model typically used in finite element analyses which includes hardening plasticity and phase transformation to precompute tables of stress amplitude or cumulative damage corresponding to different sensor readings which can be stored on a low power processing system onboard the component for energy-efficient lookup. At nominal single amplitude loading, the sensor can be used as a load cycle counter for known loads or as an overload detection device upon divergent martensite content rise. Interpretation of block program loading is less practical due to resolution issues. Under random loading, sequence effects get averaged out; interpretation is easiest with narrow load spectra, but information can be gained from very wide spectra as well. Multiple sensors at different locations can aid interpretation. Uncertainty due to necessary assumptions and untreated influences of temperature and loading rate is discussed.
AB - The transformation of metastable austenite to martensite under mechanical loading can be harnessed to create a material sensor which records a measure of the load history without the need for electrical energy and can be read out at arbitrary intervals via eddy current probing, thus leading to an ultra-low-power sensing solution. This paper presents possibilities of processing this load amplitude-dependent evolution of martensite content loading for component fatigue analysis. The general method is based on using a theoretical material model typically used in finite element analyses which includes hardening plasticity and phase transformation to precompute tables of stress amplitude or cumulative damage corresponding to different sensor readings which can be stored on a low power processing system onboard the component for energy-efficient lookup. At nominal single amplitude loading, the sensor can be used as a load cycle counter for known loads or as an overload detection device upon divergent martensite content rise. Interpretation of block program loading is less practical due to resolution issues. Under random loading, sequence effects get averaged out; interpretation is easiest with narrow load spectra, but information can be gained from very wide spectra as well. Multiple sensors at different locations can aid interpretation. Uncertainty due to necessary assumptions and untreated influences of temperature and loading rate is discussed.
KW - low power sensor
KW - material sensor
KW - metastable austenite
KW - sensor integrating machine elements
KW - structural health monitoring
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85195661731&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/1361-665X/ad4f38
DO - 10.1088/1361-665X/ad4f38
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85195661731
VL - 33
JO - Smart materials and structures
JF - Smart materials and structures
SN - 0964-1726
IS - 7
M1 - 075006
ER -