Study design: This dataset contains vegetation surveys, grain yield and management information for 304 samples from 12 legume field trials in five locations across three countries (Tunisia: regions Manouba and Nabeul, Croatia: Zagreb, Spain: regions Andalusia and Castilla-La Mancha). Field trials using lentil and chickpea were set up during the years 2021/22 and 2022/23. The trials investigated different treatments such as varying legume cultivars, inoculants, intercropping methods, and weeding practices. Vegetation surveys were conducted in the summers of 2022 and 2023 within 1×2m sample-plots aligned with the drilled lines in the experimental plots. Legume grain yield was assessed at maturity stage. Moreover, all management aspects other than the treatments are presented in the database, as well as local soil texture and weather data obtained from local weather stations. Dataset description: The collected data are stored in a workbook divided into five sheets based on their content. The first four sheets contain general information and management details, including grain yield, environmental data (soil and weather), and lists of wild flora. The final sheet provides metadata summarizing the dataset by describing the variables. Each entry in the database corresponds to information collected from a single sample and is assigned a unique identifier ("ID"). Except for the metadata table, all sheets can be linked through the ID field. The ID comprises various sub-identifiers, including the location identifier (Countrycode-City), trial year, trial identifier (Legume:TREATMENT), and treatment and block number. This ID structure facilitates accurate matching with additional files concerning experimental layouts and parcels. Funding: This work was supported by the PRIMA (Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area) international funding initiative. The studies were funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (FKZ 01DH20007); the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Ref: PCI2020-122151); the Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science and Education; and the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia. Lentil trials in Cuenca were developed within the framework of the collaboration agreement 045/2021 established between Andalusian Institute for Research and Training in Agriculture, Fishery, Food and Ecological Production (IFAPA) and Regional Institute of Agri-Food and Forestry Research and Development of Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF). Authors Affiliations: * Anna-Lena Vollheyde & Christina von Haaren: Institute of Environmental Planning, Leibniz University Hannover * Dulcenombre Rodriguez Navarro: Andalusian Institute for Research and Training in Agriculture, Fishery, Food and Ecological Production * Marcelino de los Mozos Pascual & María Cristina Alcántara Ramírez: Regional Institute of Agri-Food and Forestry Research and Development of Castilla-La Mancha * Sanja Sikora & Ivana Rajnović: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture * Imran Hammami: Bioressources, Environment and Biotechnology – ISSBAT. Tunis El Manar University * Darine Trabelsi: Legumes and Sustainable Agrosystems, Biotechnology Center, Borj-Cédria Technopole