Occurrence and potential mechanism of holin-mediated non-lytic protein translocation in bacteria

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Titel in ÜbersetzungVorkommen und potentieller Mechanismus des Holin-vermittelten nicht-lytischen Proteintransports in Bakterien
OriginalspracheEnglisch
Seiten (von - bis)159 - 173
Seitenumfang15
FachzeitschriftMicrobial Cell
Jahrgang9
Ausgabenummer10
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - 23 Sept. 2022

Abstract

Holins are generally believed to generate large membrane lesions that permit the passage of endolysins across the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes, ultimately resulting in cell wall degradation and cell lysis. However, there are more and more examples known for non-lytic holin-dependent secretion of proteins by bacteria, indicating that holins somehow can transport proteins without causing large membrane lesions. Phage-derived holins can be used for a non-lytic endolysin translocation to permeabilize the cell wall for the passage of secreted proteins. In addition, clostridia, which do not possess the Tat pathway for transport of folded proteins, most likely employ non-lytic holin-mediated transport also for secretion of toxins and bacteriocins that are incompatible with the general Sec pathway. The mechanism for non-lytic holin-mediated transport is unknown, but the recent finding that the small holin TpeE mediates a non-lytic toxin secretion in Clostridium perfringens opened new perspectives. TpeE contains only one short transmembrane helix that is followed by an amphipathic helix, which is reminiscent of TatA, the membrane-permeabilizing component of the Tat translocon for folded proteins. Here we review the known cases of non-lytic holin-mediated transport and then focus on the structural and functional comparison of TatA and TpeE, resulting in a mechanistic model for holin-mediated transport. This model is strongly supported by a so far not recognized naturally occurring holin-endolysin fusion protein.

Schlagwörter

    Holine, Proteintransport

ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete

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Occurrence and potential mechanism of holin-mediated non-lytic protein translocation in bacteria. / Brüser, Thomas; Mehner-Breitfeld, Denise.
in: Microbial Cell, Jahrgang 9, Nr. 10, 23.09.2022, S. 159 - 173.

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

Brüser T, Mehner-Breitfeld D. Occurrence and potential mechanism of holin-mediated non-lytic protein translocation in bacteria. Microbial Cell. 2022 Sep 23;9(10):159 - 173. doi: 10.15698/mic2022.10.785
Brüser, Thomas ; Mehner-Breitfeld, Denise. / Occurrence and potential mechanism of holin-mediated non-lytic protein translocation in bacteria. in: Microbial Cell. 2022 ; Jahrgang 9, Nr. 10. S. 159 - 173.
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abstract = "Holins are generally believed to generate large membrane lesions that permit the passage of endolysins across the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes, ultimately resulting in cell wall degradation and cell lysis. However, there are more and more examples known for non-lytic holin-dependent secretion of proteins by bacteria, indicating that holins somehow can transport proteins without causing large membrane lesions. Phage-derived holins can be used for a non-lytic endolysin translocation to permeabilize the cell wall for the passage of secreted proteins. In addition, clostridia, which do not possess the Tat pathway for transport of folded proteins, most likely employ non-lytic holin-mediated transport also for secretion of toxins and bacteriocins that are incompatible with the general Sec pathway. The mechanism for non-lytic holin-mediated transport is unknown, but the recent finding that the small holin TpeE mediates a non-lytic toxin secretion in Clostridium perfringens opened new perspectives. TpeE contains only one short transmembrane helix that is followed by an amphipathic helix, which is reminiscent of TatA, the membrane-permeabilizing component of the Tat translocon for folded proteins. Here we review the known cases of non-lytic holin-mediated transport and then focus on the structural and functional comparison of TatA and TpeE, resulting in a mechanistic model for holin-mediated transport. This model is strongly supported by a so far not recognized naturally occurring holin-endolysin fusion protein.",
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AU - Brüser, Thomas

AU - Mehner-Breitfeld, Denise

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Ralf Gerhard (Medical High School Hannover, Germany) and Jörg Overmann (DSMZ Braunschweig, Germany) for helpful discussions. We thank Anders Krogh (University of Copenhagen, Denmark) for discussion of TMHMM predictions. This study was supported by the state of Lower Saxony.

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N2 - Holins are generally believed to generate large membrane lesions that permit the passage of endolysins across the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes, ultimately resulting in cell wall degradation and cell lysis. However, there are more and more examples known for non-lytic holin-dependent secretion of proteins by bacteria, indicating that holins somehow can transport proteins without causing large membrane lesions. Phage-derived holins can be used for a non-lytic endolysin translocation to permeabilize the cell wall for the passage of secreted proteins. In addition, clostridia, which do not possess the Tat pathway for transport of folded proteins, most likely employ non-lytic holin-mediated transport also for secretion of toxins and bacteriocins that are incompatible with the general Sec pathway. The mechanism for non-lytic holin-mediated transport is unknown, but the recent finding that the small holin TpeE mediates a non-lytic toxin secretion in Clostridium perfringens opened new perspectives. TpeE contains only one short transmembrane helix that is followed by an amphipathic helix, which is reminiscent of TatA, the membrane-permeabilizing component of the Tat translocon for folded proteins. Here we review the known cases of non-lytic holin-mediated transport and then focus on the structural and functional comparison of TatA and TpeE, resulting in a mechanistic model for holin-mediated transport. This model is strongly supported by a so far not recognized naturally occurring holin-endolysin fusion protein.

AB - Holins are generally believed to generate large membrane lesions that permit the passage of endolysins across the cytoplasmic membrane of prokaryotes, ultimately resulting in cell wall degradation and cell lysis. However, there are more and more examples known for non-lytic holin-dependent secretion of proteins by bacteria, indicating that holins somehow can transport proteins without causing large membrane lesions. Phage-derived holins can be used for a non-lytic endolysin translocation to permeabilize the cell wall for the passage of secreted proteins. In addition, clostridia, which do not possess the Tat pathway for transport of folded proteins, most likely employ non-lytic holin-mediated transport also for secretion of toxins and bacteriocins that are incompatible with the general Sec pathway. The mechanism for non-lytic holin-mediated transport is unknown, but the recent finding that the small holin TpeE mediates a non-lytic toxin secretion in Clostridium perfringens opened new perspectives. TpeE contains only one short transmembrane helix that is followed by an amphipathic helix, which is reminiscent of TatA, the membrane-permeabilizing component of the Tat translocon for folded proteins. Here we review the known cases of non-lytic holin-mediated transport and then focus on the structural and functional comparison of TatA and TpeE, resulting in a mechanistic model for holin-mediated transport. This model is strongly supported by a so far not recognized naturally occurring holin-endolysin fusion protein.

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KW - Proteintransport

KW - holins

KW - protein translocation

KW - clostridia

KW - toxins

KW - bacteriocins

KW - endolysins

KW - Tat transport

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U2 - 10.15698/mic2022.10.785

DO - 10.15698/mic2022.10.785

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VL - 9

SP - 159

EP - 173

JO - Microbial Cell

JF - Microbial Cell

IS - 10

ER -

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