Details
Originalsprache | Englisch |
---|---|
Aufsatznummer | 106199 |
Fachzeitschrift | Cognition |
Jahrgang | 263 |
Frühes Online-Datum | 7 Juni 2025 |
Publikationsstatus | Elektronisch veröffentlicht (E-Pub) - 7 Juni 2025 |
Abstract
The study examines the retrieval strategies that people engage in during associative recognition in working memory. To this end, we employ eye movements as a tool to track the underlying retrieval processes. Previous work has shown that during retrieval people tend to look back at empty spatial locations where the information was presented at encoding, known as the looking at nothing (LAN) effect. Thus, reflecting which memorandum has been retrieved. In a series of five experiments, we presented participants with four-word pairs at four different locations at encoding. During an immediate retrieval test, they heard two words and were asked to indicate if these two words belonged to the same word pair (positive probe) or not (lure probe). We hypothesized that LAN observed during lure probes will be diagnostic in informing which strategy participants engage in. On the one hand, participants can retrieve a word pair associated with one of the probe words through a pairwise binding. On the other hand, they can retrieve both word pairs based on a parallel comparison to the integrated representation of all the word pairs to perform the task. All experiments supported a retrieval strategy where one word of a pair was used as a cue to retrieve the other, regardless of whether the two probe words were presented with or without an interval, whether the word pairs were encoded in a fixed clockwise order or presented randomly. Additionally, we implemented a measurement model for the timeline of LAN. The onset of the effect is dependent on the inter word interval at retrieval as well as the size and distance between the locations.
ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete
- Psychologie (insg.)
- Experimentelle und kognitive Psychologie
- Geisteswissenschaftliche Fächer (insg.)
- Sprache und Linguistik
- Psychologie (insg.)
- Pädagogische und Entwicklungspsychologie
- Sozialwissenschaften (insg.)
- Linguistik und Sprache
- Neurowissenschaften (insg.)
- Kognitive Neurowissenschaft
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in: Cognition, Jahrgang 263, 106199, 10.2025.
Publikation: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift › Artikel › Forschung › Peer-Review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigating retrieval strategies in an associative recognition test in working memory
T2 - Evidence from eye movements
AU - Bhanap, Ruhi
AU - Oberauer, Klaus
AU - Rosner, Agnes
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s)
PY - 2025/6/7
Y1 - 2025/6/7
N2 - The study examines the retrieval strategies that people engage in during associative recognition in working memory. To this end, we employ eye movements as a tool to track the underlying retrieval processes. Previous work has shown that during retrieval people tend to look back at empty spatial locations where the information was presented at encoding, known as the looking at nothing (LAN) effect. Thus, reflecting which memorandum has been retrieved. In a series of five experiments, we presented participants with four-word pairs at four different locations at encoding. During an immediate retrieval test, they heard two words and were asked to indicate if these two words belonged to the same word pair (positive probe) or not (lure probe). We hypothesized that LAN observed during lure probes will be diagnostic in informing which strategy participants engage in. On the one hand, participants can retrieve a word pair associated with one of the probe words through a pairwise binding. On the other hand, they can retrieve both word pairs based on a parallel comparison to the integrated representation of all the word pairs to perform the task. All experiments supported a retrieval strategy where one word of a pair was used as a cue to retrieve the other, regardless of whether the two probe words were presented with or without an interval, whether the word pairs were encoded in a fixed clockwise order or presented randomly. Additionally, we implemented a measurement model for the timeline of LAN. The onset of the effect is dependent on the inter word interval at retrieval as well as the size and distance between the locations.
AB - The study examines the retrieval strategies that people engage in during associative recognition in working memory. To this end, we employ eye movements as a tool to track the underlying retrieval processes. Previous work has shown that during retrieval people tend to look back at empty spatial locations where the information was presented at encoding, known as the looking at nothing (LAN) effect. Thus, reflecting which memorandum has been retrieved. In a series of five experiments, we presented participants with four-word pairs at four different locations at encoding. During an immediate retrieval test, they heard two words and were asked to indicate if these two words belonged to the same word pair (positive probe) or not (lure probe). We hypothesized that LAN observed during lure probes will be diagnostic in informing which strategy participants engage in. On the one hand, participants can retrieve a word pair associated with one of the probe words through a pairwise binding. On the other hand, they can retrieve both word pairs based on a parallel comparison to the integrated representation of all the word pairs to perform the task. All experiments supported a retrieval strategy where one word of a pair was used as a cue to retrieve the other, regardless of whether the two probe words were presented with or without an interval, whether the word pairs were encoded in a fixed clockwise order or presented randomly. Additionally, we implemented a measurement model for the timeline of LAN. The onset of the effect is dependent on the inter word interval at retrieval as well as the size and distance between the locations.
KW - Associative recognition
KW - Eye movements
KW - Retrieval strategies
KW - Working memory
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105007361300&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106199
DO - 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106199
M3 - Article
VL - 263
JO - Cognition
JF - Cognition
SN - 0010-0277
M1 - 106199
ER -