TY - JOUR

T1 - Design and Metrological Characterization of a Digitizer for the Highest Precision Magnet Powering in the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider

AU - Beev, Nikolai

AU - Bastos, Miguel Cerqueira

AU - Martino, Michele

AU - Valuch, Daniel

AU - Palafox, Luis

AU - Behr, Ralf

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 1963-2012 IEEE.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - A new digitizer, the HPM7177, which is a fundamental component of the signal chain for high precision measurement of particle accelerator magnet currents, is presented. It was designed to meet the unprecedented performance requirements for new 14 kA and 18 kA power converters (PCs) for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project at CERN, particularly in terms of low-frequency noise and stability. To determine accurately the performance of the digitizer, which is on a similar level as state-of-the-art classical metrological equipment, we carried out a thorough characterization using the programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) at PTB-Braunschweig. At its nominal full scale of 10 V , the digitizer has a white noise level of < 175 n V Hz-1/2 , 1/f noise floor ≈ 7e-8 V , and a 12-h peak-to-peak stability better than 2 μ V or 0.2 parts per million (ppm). The static non-linearity from 0 V to +10 V is < 1 ppm and remains stable to ≈ e-7 l evel in 12. The digitizer operates at a fixed rate of 10 k Samples s and can be synchronized externally. Besides qualifying HPM7177 for its application, the characterization reveals important aspects of its operation, as well as some performance limitations.

AB - A new digitizer, the HPM7177, which is a fundamental component of the signal chain for high precision measurement of particle accelerator magnet currents, is presented. It was designed to meet the unprecedented performance requirements for new 14 kA and 18 kA power converters (PCs) for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project at CERN, particularly in terms of low-frequency noise and stability. To determine accurately the performance of the digitizer, which is on a similar level as state-of-the-art classical metrological equipment, we carried out a thorough characterization using the programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) at PTB-Braunschweig. At its nominal full scale of 10 V , the digitizer has a white noise level of < 175 n V Hz-1/2 , 1/f noise floor ≈ 7e-8 V , and a 12-h peak-to-peak stability better than 2 μ V or 0.2 parts per million (ppm). The static non-linearity from 0 V to +10 V is < 1 ppm and remains stable to ≈ e-7 l evel in 12. The digitizer operates at a fixed rate of 10 k Samples s and can be synchronized externally. Besides qualifying HPM7177 for its application, the characterization reveals important aspects of its operation, as well as some performance limitations.

KW - Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)

KW - digitizer

KW - High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC)

KW - high precision

KW - Large Hadron Collider (LHC)

KW - low noise

KW - metrology

KW - programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS)

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85182378897&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1109/TIM.2023.3343809

DO - 10.1109/TIM.2023.3343809

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85182378897

VL - 73

SP - 1

EP - 10

JO - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

JF - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

SN - 0018-9456

M1 - 6501710

ER -