UV Stability of Aluminum Oxide Fabricated with Tube-Type Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Authors

  • Christina Hollemann
  • Byungsul Min
  • Viet X. Nguyen
  • Thomas Pernau
  • Daniela Seiffert
  • Helge Haverkamp
  • Rolf Brendel
  • Henning Schulte-Huxel

Research Organisations

External Research Organisations

  • Institute for Solar Energy Research (ISFH)
  • Centrotherm International AG
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Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number202500510
JournalSolar RRL
Volume9
Issue number18
Publication statusPublished - 23 Sept 2025

Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV)-induced degradation is a critical issue for modern photovoltaic (PV) technologies such as passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC), tunnel oxide-passivated contact (TOPCon), and heterojunction (HJT) cell concepts. This study compares the stability against UV radiation of AlOx/SiNy stacks on mini-modules with p-type back junction solar cells. Our cells have a nondiffused textured front surface passivated with an AlOx/SiNy layer stack and feature passivating polysilicon on oxide rear contacts. We compare plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) processes for the deposition of AlOx layers using the same tube-type deposition system. After a UV dose of 146 kWh/m2 using broadband UV lamps, modules with PECVD-AlOx exhibit an efficiency loss of up to 27% while those with PEALD-AlOx show minimal degradation of 2.5%. This comparison proves that the superior UV stability is achieved with the tube-type PEALD technique. Our findings thus show how UV stability can be improved without extra equipment dedicated solely to depositing ALD-AlOx and without UV absorbing or down converting encapsulants.

Keywords

    aluminum oxide, plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), solar modules, UV-induced degradation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Sustainable Development Goals

Cite this

UV Stability of Aluminum Oxide Fabricated with Tube-Type Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition. / Hollemann, Christina; Min, Byungsul; Nguyen, Viet X. et al.
In: Solar RRL, Vol. 9, No. 18, 202500510, 23.09.2025.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Hollemann, C, Min, B, Nguyen, VX, Pernau, T, Seiffert, D, Haverkamp, H, Brendel, R & Schulte-Huxel, H 2025, 'UV Stability of Aluminum Oxide Fabricated with Tube-Type Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition', Solar RRL, vol. 9, no. 18, 202500510. https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500510
Hollemann, C., Min, B., Nguyen, V. X., Pernau, T., Seiffert, D., Haverkamp, H., Brendel, R., & Schulte-Huxel, H. (2025). UV Stability of Aluminum Oxide Fabricated with Tube-Type Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition. Solar RRL, 9(18), Article 202500510. https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500510
Hollemann C, Min B, Nguyen VX, Pernau T, Seiffert D, Haverkamp H et al. UV Stability of Aluminum Oxide Fabricated with Tube-Type Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition. Solar RRL. 2025 Sept 23;9(18):202500510. doi: 10.1002/solr.202500510
Hollemann, Christina ; Min, Byungsul ; Nguyen, Viet X. et al. / UV Stability of Aluminum Oxide Fabricated with Tube-Type Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition. In: Solar RRL. 2025 ; Vol. 9, No. 18.
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title = "UV Stability of Aluminum Oxide Fabricated with Tube-Type Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition",
abstract = "Ultraviolet (UV)-induced degradation is a critical issue for modern photovoltaic (PV) technologies such as passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC), tunnel oxide-passivated contact (TOPCon), and heterojunction (HJT) cell concepts. This study compares the stability against UV radiation of AlOx/SiNy stacks on mini-modules with p-type back junction solar cells. Our cells have a nondiffused textured front surface passivated with an AlOx/SiNy layer stack and feature passivating polysilicon on oxide rear contacts. We compare plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) processes for the deposition of AlOx layers using the same tube-type deposition system. After a UV dose of 146 kWh/m2 using broadband UV lamps, modules with PECVD-AlOx exhibit an efficiency loss of up to 27% while those with PEALD-AlOx show minimal degradation of 2.5%. This comparison proves that the superior UV stability is achieved with the tube-type PEALD technique. Our findings thus show how UV stability can be improved without extra equipment dedicated solely to depositing ALD-AlOx and without UV absorbing or down converting encapsulants.",
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AU - Hollemann, Christina

AU - Min, Byungsul

AU - Nguyen, Viet X.

AU - Pernau, Thomas

AU - Seiffert, Daniela

AU - Haverkamp, Helge

AU - Brendel, Rolf

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