Ultra-Low Content Triethylammonium Chloride Facilitates Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes and Formation of Inorganic Solid Electrolyte Interface

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Authors

  • Zhihua Lin
  • Frederik Bettels
  • Taoran Li
  • Sreeja K. Satheesh
  • Haiwei Wu
  • Fei Ding
  • Chaofeng Zhang
  • Yuping Liu
  • Hui Ying Yang
  • Lin Zhang

Research Organisations

External Research Organisations

  • Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
  • Anhui University
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
  • Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology
  • Singapore University of Technology and Design
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Details

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere70029
JournalEnergy and Environmental Materials
Volume8
Issue number5
Publication statusPublished - 4 Aug 2025

Abstract

Localized high-concentration electrolytes offer a potential solution for achieving uniform lithium deposition and a stable solid-electrolyte interface in Lithium metal batteries. However, the use of highly concentrated salts or structure-loaded diluents can result in significantly higher production costs and increased environmental burdens. Herein, a novel localized high-concentration electrolyte is developed, comprising ultra-low content (2% by mass) triethylammonium chloride as an electrolyte additive. The stable Lewis acid structure of the triethylammonium chloride molecule allows for the adsorption of numerous solvent molecules and TFSI anions, intensifying the electrostatic interactions between lithium ions and anions. The chloride ions introduced by TC, along with TFSI anions, integrate into the solvent sheath, forming a LiCl-rich inorganic SEI and enhancing the electrochemical performance of the lithium metal anode. The improved Li||Li cell shows excellent cycling stability for over 500 h at 1 mA cm2 with a 27 mV overpotential. This work provides insights into the impact of electrolyte additives on the electrode-electrolyte interface and Li-ion solvation, crucial for safer lithium metal battery development.

Keywords

    electrolyte additive, lithium metal anode, solvent sheath, triethylammonium chloride

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Sustainable Development Goals

Cite this

Ultra-Low Content Triethylammonium Chloride Facilitates Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes and Formation of Inorganic Solid Electrolyte Interface. / Lin, Zhihua; Bettels, Frederik; Li, Taoran et al.
In: Energy and Environmental Materials, Vol. 8, No. 5, e70029, 04.08.2025.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Lin, Z, Bettels, F, Li, T, Satheesh, SK, Wu, H, Ding, F, Zhang, C, Liu, Y, Yang, HY & Zhang, L 2025, 'Ultra-Low Content Triethylammonium Chloride Facilitates Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes and Formation of Inorganic Solid Electrolyte Interface', Energy and Environmental Materials, vol. 8, no. 5, e70029. https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.70029
Lin, Z., Bettels, F., Li, T., Satheesh, S. K., Wu, H., Ding, F., Zhang, C., Liu, Y., Yang, H. Y., & Zhang, L. (2025). Ultra-Low Content Triethylammonium Chloride Facilitates Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes and Formation of Inorganic Solid Electrolyte Interface. Energy and Environmental Materials, 8(5), Article e70029. https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.70029
Lin Z, Bettels F, Li T, Satheesh SK, Wu H, Ding F et al. Ultra-Low Content Triethylammonium Chloride Facilitates Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes and Formation of Inorganic Solid Electrolyte Interface. Energy and Environmental Materials. 2025 Aug 4;8(5):e70029. doi: 10.1002/eem2.70029
Lin, Zhihua ; Bettels, Frederik ; Li, Taoran et al. / Ultra-Low Content Triethylammonium Chloride Facilitates Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes and Formation of Inorganic Solid Electrolyte Interface. In: Energy and Environmental Materials. 2025 ; Vol. 8, No. 5.
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abstract = "Localized high-concentration electrolytes offer a potential solution for achieving uniform lithium deposition and a stable solid-electrolyte interface in Lithium metal batteries. However, the use of highly concentrated salts or structure-loaded diluents can result in significantly higher production costs and increased environmental burdens. Herein, a novel localized high-concentration electrolyte is developed, comprising ultra-low content (2% by mass) triethylammonium chloride as an electrolyte additive. The stable Lewis acid structure of the triethylammonium chloride molecule allows for the adsorption of numerous solvent molecules and TFSI− anions, intensifying the electrostatic interactions between lithium ions and anions. The chloride ions introduced by TC, along with TFSI− anions, integrate into the solvent sheath, forming a LiCl-rich inorganic SEI and enhancing the electrochemical performance of the lithium metal anode. The improved Li||Li cell shows excellent cycling stability for over 500 h at 1 mA cm2 with a 27 mV overpotential. This work provides insights into the impact of electrolyte additives on the electrode-electrolyte interface and Li-ion solvation, crucial for safer lithium metal battery development.",
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