Details
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 1094-1107 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Behavior research methods |
Volume | 55 |
Issue number | 3 |
Early online date | 17 May 2022 |
Publication status | Published - Apr 2023 |
Abstract
In internet experiments on auditory perception, playback devices may be a confounding variable reducing internal validity. A procedure to remotely test multiple characteristics of playback devices does not currently exist. Thus, the main goals of this study were to (i) develop and (ii) evaluate a comprehensive, efficient, and easy-to-handle test procedure for the reliable control and identification of playback device characteristics in online experiments. Based on a counting task paradigm, the first part of the Headphone and Loudspeaker Test (HALT–Part I) was developed with which researchers can standardize sound level adjustments, detect stereo/mono playback, and assess lower frequency limits. In a laboratory study (N = 40), HALT–Part I was evaluated with four playback devices (circumaural and intra-aural headphones; external and laptop loudspeakers). Beforehand, the acoustical properties of all playback devices had been measured (e.g., sound pressure level, frequency response, total harmonic distortion). The analysis suggested that HALT–Part I has high test–retest reliability (rtt =.90 for level adjustment and rtt =.79 for stereo/mono detection) and is an efficient (3.5 minutes for completion) method to remotely test playback devices and listening conditions (sound level, stereo/mono playback). The procedure can help improve data quality in internet experiments.
Keywords
- Confounding variables, Control variables, Internet experiment, Level adjustment, Mono/stereo playback, Playback characteristics, Remote testing
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Psychology(all)
- Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
- Psychology(all)
- Developmental and Educational Psychology
- Arts and Humanities(all)
- Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
- Psychology(all)
- Psychology (miscellaneous)
- Psychology(all)
- General Psychology
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In: Behavior research methods, Vol. 55, No. 3, 04.2023, p. 1094-1107.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - The Headphone and Loudspeaker Test
T2 - Part I: Suggestions for controlling characteristics of playback devices in internet experiments
AU - Wycisk, Yves
AU - Kopiez, Reinhard
AU - Bergner, Jakob
AU - Sander, Kilian
AU - Preihs, Stephan
AU - Peissig, Jürgen
AU - Platz, Friedrich
N1 - Funding Information: Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This interdisciplinary research project is supported by a grant from “Niedersächsisches Vorab,” a joint program funded by the Volkswagen Foundation in conjunction with the Lower Saxony Ministry for Science and Culture (funding reference: ZN3497).
PY - 2023/4
Y1 - 2023/4
N2 - In internet experiments on auditory perception, playback devices may be a confounding variable reducing internal validity. A procedure to remotely test multiple characteristics of playback devices does not currently exist. Thus, the main goals of this study were to (i) develop and (ii) evaluate a comprehensive, efficient, and easy-to-handle test procedure for the reliable control and identification of playback device characteristics in online experiments. Based on a counting task paradigm, the first part of the Headphone and Loudspeaker Test (HALT–Part I) was developed with which researchers can standardize sound level adjustments, detect stereo/mono playback, and assess lower frequency limits. In a laboratory study (N = 40), HALT–Part I was evaluated with four playback devices (circumaural and intra-aural headphones; external and laptop loudspeakers). Beforehand, the acoustical properties of all playback devices had been measured (e.g., sound pressure level, frequency response, total harmonic distortion). The analysis suggested that HALT–Part I has high test–retest reliability (rtt =.90 for level adjustment and rtt =.79 for stereo/mono detection) and is an efficient (3.5 minutes for completion) method to remotely test playback devices and listening conditions (sound level, stereo/mono playback). The procedure can help improve data quality in internet experiments.
AB - In internet experiments on auditory perception, playback devices may be a confounding variable reducing internal validity. A procedure to remotely test multiple characteristics of playback devices does not currently exist. Thus, the main goals of this study were to (i) develop and (ii) evaluate a comprehensive, efficient, and easy-to-handle test procedure for the reliable control and identification of playback device characteristics in online experiments. Based on a counting task paradigm, the first part of the Headphone and Loudspeaker Test (HALT–Part I) was developed with which researchers can standardize sound level adjustments, detect stereo/mono playback, and assess lower frequency limits. In a laboratory study (N = 40), HALT–Part I was evaluated with four playback devices (circumaural and intra-aural headphones; external and laptop loudspeakers). Beforehand, the acoustical properties of all playback devices had been measured (e.g., sound pressure level, frequency response, total harmonic distortion). The analysis suggested that HALT–Part I has high test–retest reliability (rtt =.90 for level adjustment and rtt =.79 for stereo/mono detection) and is an efficient (3.5 minutes for completion) method to remotely test playback devices and listening conditions (sound level, stereo/mono playback). The procedure can help improve data quality in internet experiments.
KW - Confounding variables
KW - Control variables
KW - Internet experiment
KW - Level adjustment
KW - Mono/stereo playback
KW - Playback characteristics
KW - Remote testing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130503945&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3758/s13428-022-01859-8
DO - 10.3758/s13428-022-01859-8
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85130503945
VL - 55
SP - 1094
EP - 1107
JO - Behavior research methods
JF - Behavior research methods
SN - 1554-351X
IS - 3
ER -