Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Authors

  • The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration
  • C. Affeldt
  • M. Carlassara
  • K. Danzmann
  • A. Heidt
  • M. Heurs
  • A. Hreibi
  • N. Johny
  • J. Junker
  • N. Knust
  • R. V. Kossak
  • H. Lück
  • M. Matiushechkina
  • M. Nery
  • B. W. Schulte
  • H. Vahlbruch
  • D. Wilken
  • B. Willke
  • D. S. Wu
  • H. Zhang
  • Fabio Bergamin
  • Aparna Bisht
  • Nina Bode
  • Phillip Booker
  • Marc Brinkmann
  • Jonathan Carter
  • C. García-Quirós
  • J. Heinze
  • S. Hochheim
  • Wolfgang Kastaun
  • R. Kirchhoff
  • Philip Koch
  • S. M. Köhlenbeck
  • S. Luise Kranzhoff
  • Volker Kringel
  • N. V. Krishnendu
  • G. Kuehn
  • S. Leavey
  • J. Lehmann
  • James Lough
  • James Lough

External Research Organisations

  • California Institute of Caltech (Caltech)
  • Tokyo Institute of Technology
  • Universita di Salerno
  • Monte S. Angelo University Federico II
  • Monash University
  • Pennsylvania State University
  • University of Wisconsin Milwaukee
  • Louisiana State University
  • Australian National University
  • Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)
  • Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics India
  • University of Cambridge
  • Friedrich Schiller University Jena
  • Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
  • Cardiff University
  • Sezione di Pisa
  • Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR HYD)
  • National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ)
  • University of Turin
  • Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
  • Universite de Savoie
  • University of Tokyo
  • Universitat de Barcelona
  • National Taiwan Normal University
  • University of Glasgow
  • Maastricht University
  • National Institute for Subatomic Physics (Nikhef)
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Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number191
JournalAstrophysical Journal
Volume970
Issue number2
Early online date31 Jul 2024
Publication statusPublished - Aug 2024

Abstract

Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions to gravitational wave (GW) signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by (1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, (2) calculating the degree of overlap among the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, (3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms among pairs of signals, and (4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by (1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and (2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the nondetection of GW lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Cite this

Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network. / The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration; Affeldt, C.; Carlassara, M. et al.
In: Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 970, No. 2, 191, 08.2024.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration, Affeldt, C, Carlassara, M, Danzmann, K, Heidt, A, Heurs, M, Hreibi, A, Johny, N, Junker, J, Knust, N, Kossak, RV, Lück, H, Matiushechkina, M, Nery, M, Schulte, BW, Vahlbruch, H, Wilken, D, Willke, B, Wu, DS, Zhang, H, Bergamin, F, Bisht, A, Bode, N, Booker, P, Brinkmann, M, Carter, J, García-Quirós, C, Heinze, J, Hochheim, S, Kastaun, W, Kirchhoff, R, Koch, P, Köhlenbeck, SM, Kranzhoff, SL, Kringel, V, Krishnendu, NV, Kuehn, G, Leavey, S, Lehmann, J, Lough, J & Lough, J 2024, 'Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 970, no. 2, 191. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3e83
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration, Affeldt, C., Carlassara, M., Danzmann, K., Heidt, A., Heurs, M., Hreibi, A., Johny, N., Junker, J., Knust, N., Kossak, R. V., Lück, H., Matiushechkina, M., Nery, M., Schulte, B. W., Vahlbruch, H., Wilken, D., Willke, B., Wu, D. S., ... Lough, J. (2024). Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network. Astrophysical Journal, 970(2), Article 191. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad3e83
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration, Affeldt C, Carlassara M, Danzmann K, Heidt A, Heurs M et al. Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network. Astrophysical Journal. 2024 Aug;970(2):191. Epub 2024 Jul 31. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad3e83
The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration ; Affeldt, C. ; Carlassara, M. et al. / Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network. In: Astrophysical Journal. 2024 ; Vol. 970, No. 2.
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title = "Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network",
abstract = "Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions to gravitational wave (GW) signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by (1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, (2) calculating the degree of overlap among the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, (3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms among pairs of signals, and (4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by (1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and (2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the nondetection of GW lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects.",
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TY - JOUR

T1 - Search for Gravitational-lensing Signatures in the Full Third Observing Run of the LIGO-Virgo Network

AU - The LIGO Scientific Collaboration the Virgo Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration

AU - Abbott, R.

AU - Abe, H.

AU - Acernese, F.

AU - Ackley, K.

AU - Adhicary, S.

AU - Adhikari, N.

AU - Adhikari, R. X.

AU - Adkins, V. K.

AU - Adya, V. B.

AU - Affeldt, C.

AU - Agarwal, D.

AU - Agathos, M.

AU - Aguiar, O. D.

AU - Aiello, L.

AU - Ain, A.

AU - Ajith, P.

AU - Akutsu, T.

AU - Albanesi, S.

AU - Alfaidi, R. A.

AU - Alléné, C.

AU - Allocca, A.

AU - Altin, P. A.

AU - Amato, A.

AU - Anand, S.

AU - Ananyeva, A.

AU - Anderson, S. B.

AU - Anderson, W. G.

AU - Ando, M.

AU - Andrade, T.

AU - Andres, N.

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AU - Heidt, A.

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AU - Wilken, D.

AU - Willke, B.

AU - Wu, D. S.

AU - Zhang, H.

AU - Zhang, J.

AU - Zhang, L.

AU - Bergamin, Fabio

AU - Bisht, Aparna

AU - Bode, Nina

AU - Booker, Phillip

AU - Brinkmann, Marc

AU - Carter, Jonathan

AU - García-Quirós, C.

AU - Heinze, J.

AU - Hochheim, S.

AU - Kastaun, Wolfgang

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AU - Koch, Philip

AU - Köhlenbeck, S. M.

AU - Kranzhoff, S. Luise

AU - Kringel, Volker

AU - Krishnendu, N. V.

AU - Kuehn, G.

AU - Leavey, S.

AU - Lehmann, J.

AU - Lough, James

AU - Lough, James

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024. The Author(s)

PY - 2024/8

Y1 - 2024/8

N2 - Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions to gravitational wave (GW) signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by (1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, (2) calculating the degree of overlap among the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, (3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms among pairs of signals, and (4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by (1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and (2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the nondetection of GW lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects.

AB - Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions to gravitational wave (GW) signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by (1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, (2) calculating the degree of overlap among the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, (3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms among pairs of signals, and (4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by (1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and (2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the nondetection of GW lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects.

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