Photooxidation of biomass for sustainable chemicals and hydrogen production on graphitic carbon nitride-based materials: A comprehensive review

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articleResearchpeer review

Authors

  • Mohammed Ismael
  • Qiaoyan Shang
  • Jun Yue
  • Michael Wark

External Research Organisations

  • University of Groningen
  • Shandong Normal University
  • Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
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Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number100827
Number of pages30
JournalMaterials Today Sustainability
Volume27
Early online date19 May 2024
Publication statusPublished - Sept 2024

Abstract

Photocatalytic biomass conversion is commonly recognized as one of the most favorable procedures to fabricate valuable chemicals as well as carbon-free hydrogen energy. Developing novel photocatalysts is necessary to achieve significant improvement in the target product selectivity and yield. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a potential material for the photooxidation of biomass due to its intriguing physicochemical, electronic, and optical properties. In this review, we summarized the latest development in the photooxidation of lignocellulosic biomass and biomass-derived substrates such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and sugars over g-C3N4 to produce highly value-added chemicals. This review also sheds light on the current advancement in hydrogen evolution efficiency over g–C3N4–based photocatalytic material coupled with conversion of biomass and its substrates. Herein, the properties, synthesis, morphological nanostructures, characterization, modification techniques, and photocatalytic applications of g-C3N4 photocatalysts were highlighted. Various methods for enhancing its stability, and efficiency for commercialization utilization were emphasized. Then, the process intensification aspects for the photocatalytic process over g–C3N4–based photocatalysts in continuous flow microreactors are discussed. Finally, we discussed the perspectives, challenges, and knowledge gap in the future directions for native lignocellulose biomass photocatalytic conversion and upcoming difficulties to improve the profitability and sustainability of photocatalytic hydrogen production by using metal-free g–C3N4–based photocatalytic materials.

Keywords

    Biomass conversion, Graphitic carbon nitride, Photocatalysis, Renewable hydrogen energy, Sustainable chemicals

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Sustainable Development Goals

Cite this

Photooxidation of biomass for sustainable chemicals and hydrogen production on graphitic carbon nitride-based materials: A comprehensive review. / Ismael, Mohammed; Shang, Qiaoyan; Yue, Jun et al.
In: Materials Today Sustainability, Vol. 27, 100827, 09.2024.

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articleResearchpeer review

Ismael M, Shang Q, Yue J, Wark M. Photooxidation of biomass for sustainable chemicals and hydrogen production on graphitic carbon nitride-based materials: A comprehensive review. Materials Today Sustainability. 2024 Sept;27:100827. Epub 2024 May 19. doi: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.100827
Ismael, Mohammed ; Shang, Qiaoyan ; Yue, Jun et al. / Photooxidation of biomass for sustainable chemicals and hydrogen production on graphitic carbon nitride-based materials : A comprehensive review. In: Materials Today Sustainability. 2024 ; Vol. 27.
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T2 - A comprehensive review

AU - Ismael, Mohammed

AU - Shang, Qiaoyan

AU - Yue, Jun

AU - Wark, Michael

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors

PY - 2024/9

Y1 - 2024/9

N2 - Photocatalytic biomass conversion is commonly recognized as one of the most favorable procedures to fabricate valuable chemicals as well as carbon-free hydrogen energy. Developing novel photocatalysts is necessary to achieve significant improvement in the target product selectivity and yield. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a potential material for the photooxidation of biomass due to its intriguing physicochemical, electronic, and optical properties. In this review, we summarized the latest development in the photooxidation of lignocellulosic biomass and biomass-derived substrates such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and sugars over g-C3N4 to produce highly value-added chemicals. This review also sheds light on the current advancement in hydrogen evolution efficiency over g–C3N4–based photocatalytic material coupled with conversion of biomass and its substrates. Herein, the properties, synthesis, morphological nanostructures, characterization, modification techniques, and photocatalytic applications of g-C3N4 photocatalysts were highlighted. Various methods for enhancing its stability, and efficiency for commercialization utilization were emphasized. Then, the process intensification aspects for the photocatalytic process over g–C3N4–based photocatalysts in continuous flow microreactors are discussed. Finally, we discussed the perspectives, challenges, and knowledge gap in the future directions for native lignocellulose biomass photocatalytic conversion and upcoming difficulties to improve the profitability and sustainability of photocatalytic hydrogen production by using metal-free g–C3N4–based photocatalytic materials.

AB - Photocatalytic biomass conversion is commonly recognized as one of the most favorable procedures to fabricate valuable chemicals as well as carbon-free hydrogen energy. Developing novel photocatalysts is necessary to achieve significant improvement in the target product selectivity and yield. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a potential material for the photooxidation of biomass due to its intriguing physicochemical, electronic, and optical properties. In this review, we summarized the latest development in the photooxidation of lignocellulosic biomass and biomass-derived substrates such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and sugars over g-C3N4 to produce highly value-added chemicals. This review also sheds light on the current advancement in hydrogen evolution efficiency over g–C3N4–based photocatalytic material coupled with conversion of biomass and its substrates. Herein, the properties, synthesis, morphological nanostructures, characterization, modification techniques, and photocatalytic applications of g-C3N4 photocatalysts were highlighted. Various methods for enhancing its stability, and efficiency for commercialization utilization were emphasized. Then, the process intensification aspects for the photocatalytic process over g–C3N4–based photocatalysts in continuous flow microreactors are discussed. Finally, we discussed the perspectives, challenges, and knowledge gap in the future directions for native lignocellulose biomass photocatalytic conversion and upcoming difficulties to improve the profitability and sustainability of photocatalytic hydrogen production by using metal-free g–C3N4–based photocatalytic materials.

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