Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques |
| Subtitle of host publication | Applications of Nuclear Techniques for GHGs |
| Publisher | Springer International Publishing AG |
| Pages | 11-108 |
| Number of pages | 98 |
| ISBN (electronic) | 9783030553968 |
| ISBN (print) | 9783030553951 |
| Publication status | Published - 30 Jan 2021 |
Abstract
Several approaches exist for measuring greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly CO2, N2O, and CH4, from soil surfaces. The principle methods that are used to measure GHG from agricultural sites are chamber-based techniques. Both open and closed chamber techniques are in use; however, the majority of field applications use closed chambers. The advantages and disadvantages of different chamber techniques and the principal steps of operation are described. An important part of determining the quality of the flux measurements is the storage and the transportation of the gas samples from the field to the laboratory where the analyses are carried out. Traditionally, analyses of GHGs are carried out via gas chromatographs (GCs). In recent years, optical analysers are becoming increasingly available; these are user-friendly machines and they provide a cost-effective alternative to GCs. Another technique which is still under development, but provides a potentially superior method, is Raman spectroscopy. Not only the GHGs, but also N2, can potentially be analysed if the precision of these techniques is increased in future development. An important part of this chapter deals with the analyses of the gas concentrations, the calculation of fluxes, and the required safety measures. Since non-upland agricultural lands (i.e. flooded paddy soils) are steadily increasing, a section is devoted to the specificities of GHG measurements in these ecosystems. Specialised techniques are also required for GHG measurements in aquatic systems (i.e. rivers), which are often affected by the transfer of nutrients from agricultural fields and therefore are an important indirect source of emission of GHGs. A simple, robust, and more precise method of ammonia (NH3) emission measurement is also described.
Keywords
- Ammonia emission, Chamber-based technique, GHG, Optical spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Environmental Science(all)
- General Environmental Science
- Engineering(all)
- General Engineering
- Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
- General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
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Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques: Applications of Nuclear Techniques for GHGs. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021. p. 11-108.
Research output: Chapter in book/report/conference proceeding › Contribution to book/anthology › Research › peer review
}
TY - CHAP
T1 - Methodology for measuring greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils using non-isotopic techniques
AU - Zaman, M.
AU - Kleineidam, K.
AU - Bakken, L.
AU - Berendt, J.
AU - Bracken, C.
AU - Butterbach-Bahl, K.
AU - Cai, Z.
AU - Chang, S. X.
AU - Clough, T.
AU - Dawar, K.
AU - Ding, W. X.
AU - Dörsch, P.
AU - dos Reis Martins, M.
AU - Eckhardt, C.
AU - Fiedler, S.
AU - Frosch, T.
AU - Goopy, J.
AU - Görres, C. M.
AU - Gupta, A.
AU - Henjes, S.
AU - Hofmann, M. E.G.
AU - Horn, M. A.
AU - Jahangir, M. M.R.
AU - Jansen-Willems, A.
AU - Lenhart, K.
AU - Heng, L.
AU - Lewicka-Szczebak, D.
AU - Lucic, G.
AU - Merbold, L.
AU - Mohn, J.
AU - Molstad, L.
AU - Moser, G.
AU - Murphy, P.
AU - Sanz-Cobena, A.
AU - Šimek, M.
AU - Urquiaga, S.
AU - Well, R.
AU - Wrage-Mönnig, N.
AU - Zaman, S.
AU - Zhang, J.
AU - Müller, C.
PY - 2021/1/30
Y1 - 2021/1/30
N2 - Several approaches exist for measuring greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly CO2, N2O, and CH4, from soil surfaces. The principle methods that are used to measure GHG from agricultural sites are chamber-based techniques. Both open and closed chamber techniques are in use; however, the majority of field applications use closed chambers. The advantages and disadvantages of different chamber techniques and the principal steps of operation are described. An important part of determining the quality of the flux measurements is the storage and the transportation of the gas samples from the field to the laboratory where the analyses are carried out. Traditionally, analyses of GHGs are carried out via gas chromatographs (GCs). In recent years, optical analysers are becoming increasingly available; these are user-friendly machines and they provide a cost-effective alternative to GCs. Another technique which is still under development, but provides a potentially superior method, is Raman spectroscopy. Not only the GHGs, but also N2, can potentially be analysed if the precision of these techniques is increased in future development. An important part of this chapter deals with the analyses of the gas concentrations, the calculation of fluxes, and the required safety measures. Since non-upland agricultural lands (i.e. flooded paddy soils) are steadily increasing, a section is devoted to the specificities of GHG measurements in these ecosystems. Specialised techniques are also required for GHG measurements in aquatic systems (i.e. rivers), which are often affected by the transfer of nutrients from agricultural fields and therefore are an important indirect source of emission of GHGs. A simple, robust, and more precise method of ammonia (NH3) emission measurement is also described.
AB - Several approaches exist for measuring greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly CO2, N2O, and CH4, from soil surfaces. The principle methods that are used to measure GHG from agricultural sites are chamber-based techniques. Both open and closed chamber techniques are in use; however, the majority of field applications use closed chambers. The advantages and disadvantages of different chamber techniques and the principal steps of operation are described. An important part of determining the quality of the flux measurements is the storage and the transportation of the gas samples from the field to the laboratory where the analyses are carried out. Traditionally, analyses of GHGs are carried out via gas chromatographs (GCs). In recent years, optical analysers are becoming increasingly available; these are user-friendly machines and they provide a cost-effective alternative to GCs. Another technique which is still under development, but provides a potentially superior method, is Raman spectroscopy. Not only the GHGs, but also N2, can potentially be analysed if the precision of these techniques is increased in future development. An important part of this chapter deals with the analyses of the gas concentrations, the calculation of fluxes, and the required safety measures. Since non-upland agricultural lands (i.e. flooded paddy soils) are steadily increasing, a section is devoted to the specificities of GHG measurements in these ecosystems. Specialised techniques are also required for GHG measurements in aquatic systems (i.e. rivers), which are often affected by the transfer of nutrients from agricultural fields and therefore are an important indirect source of emission of GHGs. A simple, robust, and more precise method of ammonia (NH3) emission measurement is also described.
KW - Ammonia emission
KW - Chamber-based technique
KW - GHG
KW - Optical spectroscopy
KW - Raman spectroscopy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85137095872&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_2
DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_2
M3 - Contribution to book/anthology
AN - SCOPUS:85137095872
SN - 9783030553951
SP - 11
EP - 108
BT - Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques
PB - Springer International Publishing AG
ER -