Mechanism of actions of probiotics on type 2 diabetes: Development and complications

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articleResearchpeer review

Authors

  • Duygu Ağagündüz
  • Elif Çelik
  • Özge Cemali
  • Ozge Yesildemir
  • Kezban Şahin Demirci
  • Gamze Akkus
  • Tuba Esatbeyoglu
  • Fatih Ozogul

External Research Organisations

  • Gazi University
  • Suleyman Demirel University
  • Trakya University
  • Uludag University
  • Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
  • Cukurova University
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Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number118421
JournalBiomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
Volume191
Early online date12 Aug 2025
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2025

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder described by chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, as well as low-grade inflammation. Recent research highlights the vital role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM. Dysbiosis can impair intestinal barrier integrity, promote systemic inflammation, and contribute to insulin resistance and glucose metabolism dysfunction. This review article investigates the mechanisms by which probiotics interact with gut microbiota and host signaling pathways to impact the onset and complications of T2DM. Databases were searched, and related articles were added, to get a thorough overview of the relationship between probiotics and T2DM and its complications. Probiotics have appeared as potential modulators of the gut microbiome, capable of restoring microbial balance and strengthening intestinal barrier function. Probiotics can influence glucose homeostasis through their multifaceted effects on the gut microbiota and host metabolism. Through the production of beneficial metabolites, suppress α-glucosidase activity, enhance short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, competitive inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, regulation of gut-derived neurotransmitters such as serotonin, improve intestinal, and immune functions, probiotics may alleviate key mechanisms involved in T2DM development and its complications.

Keywords

    Diabetic complications, Dysbiosis, Gut microbiota, Intestinal barrier, Probiotics, Type 2 diabetes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Sustainable Development Goals

Cite this

Mechanism of actions of probiotics on type 2 diabetes: Development and complications. / Ağagündüz, Duygu; Çelik, Elif; Cemali, Özge et al.
In: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, Vol. 191, 118421, 10.2025.

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articleResearchpeer review

Ağagündüz, D, Çelik, E, Cemali, Ö, Yesildemir, O, Demirci, KŞ, Akkus, G, Esatbeyoglu, T & Ozogul, F 2025, 'Mechanism of actions of probiotics on type 2 diabetes: Development and complications', Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, vol. 191, 118421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118421
Ağagündüz, D., Çelik, E., Cemali, Ö., Yesildemir, O., Demirci, K. Ş., Akkus, G., Esatbeyoglu, T., & Ozogul, F. (2025). Mechanism of actions of probiotics on type 2 diabetes: Development and complications. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 191, Article 118421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118421
Ağagündüz D, Çelik E, Cemali Ö, Yesildemir O, Demirci KŞ, Akkus G et al. Mechanism of actions of probiotics on type 2 diabetes: Development and complications. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. 2025 Oct;191:118421. Epub 2025 Aug 12. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118421
Ağagündüz, Duygu ; Çelik, Elif ; Cemali, Özge et al. / Mechanism of actions of probiotics on type 2 diabetes : Development and complications. In: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. 2025 ; Vol. 191.
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abstract = "Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder described by chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, as well as low-grade inflammation. Recent research highlights the vital role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM. Dysbiosis can impair intestinal barrier integrity, promote systemic inflammation, and contribute to insulin resistance and glucose metabolism dysfunction. This review article investigates the mechanisms by which probiotics interact with gut microbiota and host signaling pathways to impact the onset and complications of T2DM. Databases were searched, and related articles were added, to get a thorough overview of the relationship between probiotics and T2DM and its complications. Probiotics have appeared as potential modulators of the gut microbiome, capable of restoring microbial balance and strengthening intestinal barrier function. Probiotics can influence glucose homeostasis through their multifaceted effects on the gut microbiota and host metabolism. Through the production of beneficial metabolites, suppress α-glucosidase activity, enhance short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, competitive inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, regulation of gut-derived neurotransmitters such as serotonin, improve intestinal, and immune functions, probiotics may alleviate key mechanisms involved in T2DM development and its complications.",
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T2 - Development and complications

AU - Ağagündüz, Duygu

AU - Çelik, Elif

AU - Cemali, Özge

AU - Yesildemir, Ozge

AU - Demirci, Kezban Şahin

AU - Akkus, Gamze

AU - Esatbeyoglu, Tuba

AU - Ozogul, Fatih

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