Details
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 164 - 171 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Journal of dental research |
| Volume | 104 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| Early online date | 4 Dec 2024 |
| Publication status | Published - Feb 2025 |
Abstract
The colonization of dental implants by oral biofilms causes inflammatory reactions that can ultimately lead to implant loss. Therefore, safety-integrated implant surfaces are under development that aim to detect bacterial attachment at an early stage and subsequently release antibacterial compounds to prevent their accumulation. Since primary oral colonizers ferment carbohydrates leading to local acidification, pH is considered a promising trigger for these surfaces. As a prerequisite for such systems, the present study aimed at specifically analyzing the pH at the interface between implant material and oral biofilms. For this purpose, in vitro–grown Streptococcus oralis monospecies biofilms and an established multispecies biofilm on titanium discs as well as in situ–grown biofilms from orally exposed titanium-equipped splints were used. Mature biofilm morphology was characterized by live/dead fluorescence staining, revealing improved growth from in vitro to in situ biofilms as well as a general decreasing membrane permeability over time due to the static incubation conditions. For pH analysis, the pH-sensitive dye C-SNARF-4 combined with 3-dimensional imaging by confocal laser-scanning microscopy and digital image analysis were used to detect extracellular pH values in different biofilm layers. All mature biofilms showed a pH gradient, with the lowest values at the material interface. Interestingly, the exact values depicted a time- and nutrient-dependent gradual acidification independently of the biofilm source and for in situ biofilms also independently of the sample donor. After short incubation times, a mild acidification to approximately pH 6.3 could be observed. But when sufficient nutrients were processed for a longer period of time, acidification intensified, leading to approximately pH 5.0. This not only defines the required turning point of pH-triggered implant release systems but also reveals the opportunity for a tailored release at different stages of biofilm formation.
Keywords
- confocal microscopy, dental implant, dental plaque, hydrogen-ion concentration, nutrients, titanium
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Dentistry(all)
- General Dentistry
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In: Journal of dental research, Vol. 104, No. 2, 02.2025, p. 164 - 171.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Gradual Acidification at the Oral Biofilm–Implant Material Interface
AU - Doll-Nikutta, K.
AU - Weber, S. C.
AU - Mikolai, C.
AU - Denis, H.
AU - Behrens, W.
AU - Szafrański, S. P.
AU - Ehlert, N.
AU - Stiesch, M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © International Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research and American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research 2024.
PY - 2025/2
Y1 - 2025/2
N2 - The colonization of dental implants by oral biofilms causes inflammatory reactions that can ultimately lead to implant loss. Therefore, safety-integrated implant surfaces are under development that aim to detect bacterial attachment at an early stage and subsequently release antibacterial compounds to prevent their accumulation. Since primary oral colonizers ferment carbohydrates leading to local acidification, pH is considered a promising trigger for these surfaces. As a prerequisite for such systems, the present study aimed at specifically analyzing the pH at the interface between implant material and oral biofilms. For this purpose, in vitro–grown Streptococcus oralis monospecies biofilms and an established multispecies biofilm on titanium discs as well as in situ–grown biofilms from orally exposed titanium-equipped splints were used. Mature biofilm morphology was characterized by live/dead fluorescence staining, revealing improved growth from in vitro to in situ biofilms as well as a general decreasing membrane permeability over time due to the static incubation conditions. For pH analysis, the pH-sensitive dye C-SNARF-4 combined with 3-dimensional imaging by confocal laser-scanning microscopy and digital image analysis were used to detect extracellular pH values in different biofilm layers. All mature biofilms showed a pH gradient, with the lowest values at the material interface. Interestingly, the exact values depicted a time- and nutrient-dependent gradual acidification independently of the biofilm source and for in situ biofilms also independently of the sample donor. After short incubation times, a mild acidification to approximately pH 6.3 could be observed. But when sufficient nutrients were processed for a longer period of time, acidification intensified, leading to approximately pH 5.0. This not only defines the required turning point of pH-triggered implant release systems but also reveals the opportunity for a tailored release at different stages of biofilm formation.
AB - The colonization of dental implants by oral biofilms causes inflammatory reactions that can ultimately lead to implant loss. Therefore, safety-integrated implant surfaces are under development that aim to detect bacterial attachment at an early stage and subsequently release antibacterial compounds to prevent their accumulation. Since primary oral colonizers ferment carbohydrates leading to local acidification, pH is considered a promising trigger for these surfaces. As a prerequisite for such systems, the present study aimed at specifically analyzing the pH at the interface between implant material and oral biofilms. For this purpose, in vitro–grown Streptococcus oralis monospecies biofilms and an established multispecies biofilm on titanium discs as well as in situ–grown biofilms from orally exposed titanium-equipped splints were used. Mature biofilm morphology was characterized by live/dead fluorescence staining, revealing improved growth from in vitro to in situ biofilms as well as a general decreasing membrane permeability over time due to the static incubation conditions. For pH analysis, the pH-sensitive dye C-SNARF-4 combined with 3-dimensional imaging by confocal laser-scanning microscopy and digital image analysis were used to detect extracellular pH values in different biofilm layers. All mature biofilms showed a pH gradient, with the lowest values at the material interface. Interestingly, the exact values depicted a time- and nutrient-dependent gradual acidification independently of the biofilm source and for in situ biofilms also independently of the sample donor. After short incubation times, a mild acidification to approximately pH 6.3 could be observed. But when sufficient nutrients were processed for a longer period of time, acidification intensified, leading to approximately pH 5.0. This not only defines the required turning point of pH-triggered implant release systems but also reveals the opportunity for a tailored release at different stages of biofilm formation.
KW - confocal microscopy
KW - dental implant
KW - dental plaque
KW - hydrogen-ion concentration
KW - nutrients
KW - titanium
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85211213730&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/00220345241290147
DO - 10.1177/00220345241290147
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85211213730
VL - 104
SP - 164
EP - 171
JO - Journal of dental research
JF - Journal of dental research
SN - 0022-0345
IS - 2
ER -