Computational flexoelectronics: A framework for analyzing PN junctions in flexoelectric semiconductors

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Authors

Research Organisations

External Research Organisations

  • Hohai University
  • North Carolina State University
  • Tongji University
  • Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
View graph of relations

Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number110740
JournalInternational Journal of Mechanical Sciences
Volume305
Early online date30 Aug 2025
Publication statusPublished - 1 Nov 2025

Abstract

The miniaturization of electronic devices has intensified the need to tailor material properties at the nanoscale, where flexoelectricity becomes prominent. This paper investigates flexoelectronics—a novel field that harnesses strain gradients and flexoelectric polarization to modulate electronic behavior in semiconductors. Existing models often rely on linearized constitutive relations that fail to capture the behavior of semiconductors under large carrier perturbations. To address this limitation, this work presents a novel computational framework for the fully-coupled physics of flexoelectronics based on isogeometric analysis. The framework robustly models the nonlinear interplay among elasticity, flexoelectric polarization, and carrier transport in PN junctions, overcoming the constraints of traditional linearized approaches. Verification against analytical benchmarks confirms the accuracy of the method. Applications to two-dimensional PN junctions reveal a previously unreported competing mechanism between drift and diffusion currents under flexoelectric modulation. Furthermore, the framework demonstrates that device strain sensitivity is a tunable property that can be optimized by adjusting the junction's position, providing a clear pathway for enhanced flexoelectronic device design.

Keywords

    Computational mechanics, Flexoelectronics, Isogeometric analysis, PN junction, Semiconductor physics, Strain sensitivity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Cite this

Computational flexoelectronics: A framework for analyzing PN junctions in flexoelectric semiconductors. / Hu, Han; Liu, Zhaowei; Liu, Qiong et al.
In: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 305, 110740, 01.11.2025.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Hu H, Liu Z, Liu Q, Jiang X, Zhuang X, Rabczuk T. Computational flexoelectronics: A framework for analyzing PN junctions in flexoelectric semiconductors. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 2025 Nov 1;305:110740. Epub 2025 Aug 30. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110740
Download
@article{4d897d10667f4393b49385b1b1f8c883,
title = "Computational flexoelectronics: A framework for analyzing PN junctions in flexoelectric semiconductors",
abstract = "The miniaturization of electronic devices has intensified the need to tailor material properties at the nanoscale, where flexoelectricity becomes prominent. This paper investigates flexoelectronics—a novel field that harnesses strain gradients and flexoelectric polarization to modulate electronic behavior in semiconductors. Existing models often rely on linearized constitutive relations that fail to capture the behavior of semiconductors under large carrier perturbations. To address this limitation, this work presents a novel computational framework for the fully-coupled physics of flexoelectronics based on isogeometric analysis. The framework robustly models the nonlinear interplay among elasticity, flexoelectric polarization, and carrier transport in PN junctions, overcoming the constraints of traditional linearized approaches. Verification against analytical benchmarks confirms the accuracy of the method. Applications to two-dimensional PN junctions reveal a previously unreported competing mechanism between drift and diffusion currents under flexoelectric modulation. Furthermore, the framework demonstrates that device strain sensitivity is a tunable property that can be optimized by adjusting the junction's position, providing a clear pathway for enhanced flexoelectronic device design.",
keywords = "Computational mechanics, Flexoelectronics, Isogeometric analysis, PN junction, Semiconductor physics, Strain sensitivity",
author = "Han Hu and Zhaowei Liu and Qiong Liu and Xiaoning Jiang and Xiaoying Zhuang and Timon Rabczuk",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 The Authors",
year = "2025",
month = nov,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110740",
language = "English",
volume = "305",
journal = "International Journal of Mechanical Sciences",
issn = "0020-7403",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.",

}

Download

TY - JOUR

T1 - Computational flexoelectronics

T2 - A framework for analyzing PN junctions in flexoelectric semiconductors

AU - Hu, Han

AU - Liu, Zhaowei

AU - Liu, Qiong

AU - Jiang, Xiaoning

AU - Zhuang, Xiaoying

AU - Rabczuk, Timon

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Authors

PY - 2025/11/1

Y1 - 2025/11/1

N2 - The miniaturization of electronic devices has intensified the need to tailor material properties at the nanoscale, where flexoelectricity becomes prominent. This paper investigates flexoelectronics—a novel field that harnesses strain gradients and flexoelectric polarization to modulate electronic behavior in semiconductors. Existing models often rely on linearized constitutive relations that fail to capture the behavior of semiconductors under large carrier perturbations. To address this limitation, this work presents a novel computational framework for the fully-coupled physics of flexoelectronics based on isogeometric analysis. The framework robustly models the nonlinear interplay among elasticity, flexoelectric polarization, and carrier transport in PN junctions, overcoming the constraints of traditional linearized approaches. Verification against analytical benchmarks confirms the accuracy of the method. Applications to two-dimensional PN junctions reveal a previously unreported competing mechanism between drift and diffusion currents under flexoelectric modulation. Furthermore, the framework demonstrates that device strain sensitivity is a tunable property that can be optimized by adjusting the junction's position, providing a clear pathway for enhanced flexoelectronic device design.

AB - The miniaturization of electronic devices has intensified the need to tailor material properties at the nanoscale, where flexoelectricity becomes prominent. This paper investigates flexoelectronics—a novel field that harnesses strain gradients and flexoelectric polarization to modulate electronic behavior in semiconductors. Existing models often rely on linearized constitutive relations that fail to capture the behavior of semiconductors under large carrier perturbations. To address this limitation, this work presents a novel computational framework for the fully-coupled physics of flexoelectronics based on isogeometric analysis. The framework robustly models the nonlinear interplay among elasticity, flexoelectric polarization, and carrier transport in PN junctions, overcoming the constraints of traditional linearized approaches. Verification against analytical benchmarks confirms the accuracy of the method. Applications to two-dimensional PN junctions reveal a previously unreported competing mechanism between drift and diffusion currents under flexoelectric modulation. Furthermore, the framework demonstrates that device strain sensitivity is a tunable property that can be optimized by adjusting the junction's position, providing a clear pathway for enhanced flexoelectronic device design.

KW - Computational mechanics

KW - Flexoelectronics

KW - Isogeometric analysis

KW - PN junction

KW - Semiconductor physics

KW - Strain sensitivity

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105015521488&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110740

DO - 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110740

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105015521488

VL - 305

JO - International Journal of Mechanical Sciences

JF - International Journal of Mechanical Sciences

SN - 0020-7403

M1 - 110740

ER -

By the same author(s)