Carabid beetles in solar parks: assemblages under solar panels are severely impoverished compared to gaps between panel rows and edge areas

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Authors

  • Felix Zitzmann
  • Michael Stern
  • Magdalena Schmidt
  • Jens Schirmel

External Research Organisations

  • University of Veterinary Medicine of Hannover, Foundation
  • University of Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU)
View graph of relations

Details

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)763–776
Number of pages14
JournalJournal of Insect Conservation
Volume28
Issue number4
Early online date5 Jun 2024
Publication statusPublished - Aug 2024

Abstract

Renewable energies are a major tool to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. Among renewables, solar parks are a key technology and their expansion will strongly increase in the future. Hence, there is a great need for research regarding their impact on biodiversity. In this study, we investigated the importance of three solar parks in northern Germany as habitat for carabid beetles. More specifically, we determined how habitat characteristics (temperature, vegetation structure), species richness, activity densities and carabid beetle assemblages vary between different locations within solar parks: areas under solar panels “UNDR”, gaps between panel rows “BTW” and areas at the edge of solar parks “EDGE”. We found that UNDR strongly differed from BTW/EDGE in terms of habitat conditions, species richness and activity densities of carabid beetles. UNDR mainly provided habitat for a species- and individual-poor subset of species already present in BTW/EDGE and made only a small contribution to the total species richness of the investigated solar parks. BTW and EDGE, on the other hand, differed only slightly. Thus, the narrow gaps between the panel rows were of similar importance as a habitat for carabid beetles as the edge areas. Overall, the investigated solar parks – and thus also the more species-rich areas EDGE and BTW – almost exclusively provided habitat for widespread and common non-threatened generalists, while species of conservation concern were extremely rare. Implications for insect conservation: The low importance of UNDR for carabid beetles should be considered when assessing the biodiversity value of solar parks, since a large proportion of these facilities is covered with solar panels. Between panel rows and at the edge of solar parks, larger areas should be kept free from construction with solar panels in order to provide habitats for carabid beetles and other species groups. More research should be conducted on how to further improve solar parks for carabid beetles and overall biodiversity.

Keywords

    biodiversity, insects, ground beetles, renewable energies, utility-scale solar energy, photovoltaic power plants, Insects, Photovoltaic power plants, Utility-scale solar energy, Ground beetles, Renewable energies, Biodiversity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Sustainable Development Goals

Cite this

Carabid beetles in solar parks: assemblages under solar panels are severely impoverished compared to gaps between panel rows and edge areas. / Zitzmann, Felix; Stern, Michael; Schmidt, Magdalena et al.
In: Journal of Insect Conservation, Vol. 28, No. 4, 08.2024, p. 763–776.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Zitzmann F, Stern M, Schmidt M, Schirmel J. Carabid beetles in solar parks: assemblages under solar panels are severely impoverished compared to gaps between panel rows and edge areas. Journal of Insect Conservation. 2024 Aug;28(4):763–776. Epub 2024 Jun 5. doi: 10.1007/s10841-024-00597-w
Download
@article{8e20341d02864e9b9290dc94598ce968,
title = "Carabid beetles in solar parks: assemblages under solar panels are severely impoverished compared to gaps between panel rows and edge areas",
abstract = "Renewable energies are a major tool to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. Among renewables, solar parks are a key technology and their expansion will strongly increase in the future. Hence, there is a great need for research regarding their impact on biodiversity. In this study, we investigated the importance of three solar parks in northern Germany as habitat for carabid beetles. More specifically, we determined how habitat characteristics (temperature, vegetation structure), species richness, activity densities and carabid beetle assemblages vary between different locations within solar parks: areas under solar panels “UNDR”, gaps between panel rows “BTW” and areas at the edge of solar parks “EDGE”. We found that UNDR strongly differed from BTW/EDGE in terms of habitat conditions, species richness and activity densities of carabid beetles. UNDR mainly provided habitat for a species- and individual-poor subset of species already present in BTW/EDGE and made only a small contribution to the total species richness of the investigated solar parks. BTW and EDGE, on the other hand, differed only slightly. Thus, the narrow gaps between the panel rows were of similar importance as a habitat for carabid beetles as the edge areas. Overall, the investigated solar parks – and thus also the more species-rich areas EDGE and BTW – almost exclusively provided habitat for widespread and common non-threatened generalists, while species of conservation concern were extremely rare. Implications for insect conservation: The low importance of UNDR for carabid beetles should be considered when assessing the biodiversity value of solar parks, since a large proportion of these facilities is covered with solar panels. Between panel rows and at the edge of solar parks, larger areas should be kept free from construction with solar panels in order to provide habitats for carabid beetles and other species groups. More research should be conducted on how to further improve solar parks for carabid beetles and overall biodiversity.",
keywords = "biodiversity, insects, ground beetles, renewable energies, utility-scale solar energy, photovoltaic power plants, Insects, Photovoltaic power plants, Utility-scale solar energy, Ground beetles, Renewable energies, Biodiversity",
author = "Felix Zitzmann and Michael Stern and Magdalena Schmidt and Jens Schirmel",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2024.",
year = "2024",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1007/s10841-024-00597-w",
language = "English",
volume = "28",
pages = "763–776",
journal = "Journal of Insect Conservation",
issn = "1366-638X",
publisher = "Springer Netherlands",
number = "4",

}

Download

TY - JOUR

T1 - Carabid beetles in solar parks

T2 - assemblages under solar panels are severely impoverished compared to gaps between panel rows and edge areas

AU - Zitzmann, Felix

AU - Stern, Michael

AU - Schmidt, Magdalena

AU - Schirmel, Jens

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2024.

PY - 2024/8

Y1 - 2024/8

N2 - Renewable energies are a major tool to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. Among renewables, solar parks are a key technology and their expansion will strongly increase in the future. Hence, there is a great need for research regarding their impact on biodiversity. In this study, we investigated the importance of three solar parks in northern Germany as habitat for carabid beetles. More specifically, we determined how habitat characteristics (temperature, vegetation structure), species richness, activity densities and carabid beetle assemblages vary between different locations within solar parks: areas under solar panels “UNDR”, gaps between panel rows “BTW” and areas at the edge of solar parks “EDGE”. We found that UNDR strongly differed from BTW/EDGE in terms of habitat conditions, species richness and activity densities of carabid beetles. UNDR mainly provided habitat for a species- and individual-poor subset of species already present in BTW/EDGE and made only a small contribution to the total species richness of the investigated solar parks. BTW and EDGE, on the other hand, differed only slightly. Thus, the narrow gaps between the panel rows were of similar importance as a habitat for carabid beetles as the edge areas. Overall, the investigated solar parks – and thus also the more species-rich areas EDGE and BTW – almost exclusively provided habitat for widespread and common non-threatened generalists, while species of conservation concern were extremely rare. Implications for insect conservation: The low importance of UNDR for carabid beetles should be considered when assessing the biodiversity value of solar parks, since a large proportion of these facilities is covered with solar panels. Between panel rows and at the edge of solar parks, larger areas should be kept free from construction with solar panels in order to provide habitats for carabid beetles and other species groups. More research should be conducted on how to further improve solar parks for carabid beetles and overall biodiversity.

AB - Renewable energies are a major tool to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. Among renewables, solar parks are a key technology and their expansion will strongly increase in the future. Hence, there is a great need for research regarding their impact on biodiversity. In this study, we investigated the importance of three solar parks in northern Germany as habitat for carabid beetles. More specifically, we determined how habitat characteristics (temperature, vegetation structure), species richness, activity densities and carabid beetle assemblages vary between different locations within solar parks: areas under solar panels “UNDR”, gaps between panel rows “BTW” and areas at the edge of solar parks “EDGE”. We found that UNDR strongly differed from BTW/EDGE in terms of habitat conditions, species richness and activity densities of carabid beetles. UNDR mainly provided habitat for a species- and individual-poor subset of species already present in BTW/EDGE and made only a small contribution to the total species richness of the investigated solar parks. BTW and EDGE, on the other hand, differed only slightly. Thus, the narrow gaps between the panel rows were of similar importance as a habitat for carabid beetles as the edge areas. Overall, the investigated solar parks – and thus also the more species-rich areas EDGE and BTW – almost exclusively provided habitat for widespread and common non-threatened generalists, while species of conservation concern were extremely rare. Implications for insect conservation: The low importance of UNDR for carabid beetles should be considered when assessing the biodiversity value of solar parks, since a large proportion of these facilities is covered with solar panels. Between panel rows and at the edge of solar parks, larger areas should be kept free from construction with solar panels in order to provide habitats for carabid beetles and other species groups. More research should be conducted on how to further improve solar parks for carabid beetles and overall biodiversity.

KW - biodiversity

KW - insects

KW - ground beetles

KW - renewable energies

KW - utility-scale solar energy

KW - photovoltaic power plants

KW - Insects

KW - Photovoltaic power plants

KW - Utility-scale solar energy

KW - Ground beetles

KW - Renewable energies

KW - Biodiversity

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85195257437&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s10841-024-00597-w

DO - 10.1007/s10841-024-00597-w

M3 - Article

VL - 28

SP - 763

EP - 776

JO - Journal of Insect Conservation

JF - Journal of Insect Conservation

SN - 1366-638X

IS - 4

ER -