Adaptation and resistance of soil prokaryotic communities to drought intensification in old-growth forests and pastures of southwestern Amazonia

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  • University of Koblenz-Landau
  • University of Göttingen
  • Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)
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Original languageEnglish
Article number1684321
Pages (from-to)1684321
JournalFrontiers in Plant Science
Volume16
Publication statusPublished - 3 Nov 2025

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Climate change is predicted to intensify droughts in tropical regions. However, the extent to which drought intensification and the subsequent changes in root exudate (RE) composition reshape soil prokaryotic communities (SPC) remains poorly understood.

METHODS: We conducted a 69-day incubation to determine the effects of repeated exposure to severe drought and RE application on the SPC activity and structure in soils under old-growth forests and pastures from southwestern Amazonia. At the beginning of each cycle, microcosms received either artificial RE solution or sterile water; following drying, microcosms were either kept at 30% water holding capacity (WHC) for 18 days, representing the regional WHC in the dry season, or at 5% WHC, simulating severe drought.

RESULTS: Drought intensity and RE availability were the primary drivers of changes in SPC composition and activity. The lowest prokaryotic diversity values were observed in the severe drought treatment with +RE addition for both land-uses. After wetting, +RE microcosms showed higher SPC activity due to the utilization of the supplemented REs. Carbon availability interacted with land-use specific characteristics and partially buffered drought effects on SPC composition in pastures. The SPCs from both land-uses were well-adapted to regional drought conditions. However, repeated severe drought caused significant community shifts towards dominance of a few drought-resistant families.

DISCUSSION: Intensifying droughts can reduce prokaryotic diversity and reassemble tropical soil communities toward drought-tolerant taxa, with RE inputs amplifying pos-wetting activity yet exacerbating diversity losses under severe stress. Such changes may compromise ecosystem stability and soil functions under future precipitation regimes.

Keywords

    Drying-rewetting, land use, root exudates, soil prokaryotic community, soil respiration

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Sustainable Development Goals

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Adaptation and resistance of soil prokaryotic communities to drought intensification in old-growth forests and pastures of southwestern Amazonia. / Díaz García, Elisa; Boy, Diana; Kilian Salas, Simone et al.
In: Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 16, 1684321, 03.11.2025, p. 1684321.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer review

Díaz García E, Boy D, Kilian Salas S, Andrino A, Sauheitl L, Poehlein A et al. Adaptation and resistance of soil prokaryotic communities to drought intensification in old-growth forests and pastures of southwestern Amazonia. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2025 Nov 3;16:1684321. 1684321. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1684321
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title = "Adaptation and resistance of soil prokaryotic communities to drought intensification in old-growth forests and pastures of southwestern Amazonia",
abstract = "INTRODUCTION: Climate change is predicted to intensify droughts in tropical regions. However, the extent to which drought intensification and the subsequent changes in root exudate (RE) composition reshape soil prokaryotic communities (SPC) remains poorly understood.METHODS: We conducted a 69-day incubation to determine the effects of repeated exposure to severe drought and RE application on the SPC activity and structure in soils under old-growth forests and pastures from southwestern Amazonia. At the beginning of each cycle, microcosms received either artificial RE solution or sterile water; following drying, microcosms were either kept at 30% water holding capacity (WHC) for 18 days, representing the regional WHC in the dry season, or at 5% WHC, simulating severe drought.RESULTS: Drought intensity and RE availability were the primary drivers of changes in SPC composition and activity. The lowest prokaryotic diversity values were observed in the severe drought treatment with +RE addition for both land-uses. After wetting, +RE microcosms showed higher SPC activity due to the utilization of the supplemented REs. Carbon availability interacted with land-use specific characteristics and partially buffered drought effects on SPC composition in pastures. The SPCs from both land-uses were well-adapted to regional drought conditions. However, repeated severe drought caused significant community shifts towards dominance of a few drought-resistant families.DISCUSSION: Intensifying droughts can reduce prokaryotic diversity and reassemble tropical soil communities toward drought-tolerant taxa, with RE inputs amplifying pos-wetting activity yet exacerbating diversity losses under severe stress. Such changes may compromise ecosystem stability and soil functions under future precipitation regimes.",
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TY - JOUR

T1 - Adaptation and resistance of soil prokaryotic communities to drought intensification in old-growth forests and pastures of southwestern Amazonia

AU - Díaz García, Elisa

AU - Boy, Diana

AU - Kilian Salas, Simone

AU - Andrino, Alberto

AU - Sauheitl, Leopold

AU - Poehlein, Anja

AU - Guggenberger, Georg

AU - Horn, Marcus A

AU - Boy, Jens

N1 - Copyright © 2025 Díaz García, Boy, Kilian Salas, Andrino, Sauheitl, Poehlein, Guggenberger, Horn and Boy.

PY - 2025/11/3

Y1 - 2025/11/3

N2 - INTRODUCTION: Climate change is predicted to intensify droughts in tropical regions. However, the extent to which drought intensification and the subsequent changes in root exudate (RE) composition reshape soil prokaryotic communities (SPC) remains poorly understood.METHODS: We conducted a 69-day incubation to determine the effects of repeated exposure to severe drought and RE application on the SPC activity and structure in soils under old-growth forests and pastures from southwestern Amazonia. At the beginning of each cycle, microcosms received either artificial RE solution or sterile water; following drying, microcosms were either kept at 30% water holding capacity (WHC) for 18 days, representing the regional WHC in the dry season, or at 5% WHC, simulating severe drought.RESULTS: Drought intensity and RE availability were the primary drivers of changes in SPC composition and activity. The lowest prokaryotic diversity values were observed in the severe drought treatment with +RE addition for both land-uses. After wetting, +RE microcosms showed higher SPC activity due to the utilization of the supplemented REs. Carbon availability interacted with land-use specific characteristics and partially buffered drought effects on SPC composition in pastures. The SPCs from both land-uses were well-adapted to regional drought conditions. However, repeated severe drought caused significant community shifts towards dominance of a few drought-resistant families.DISCUSSION: Intensifying droughts can reduce prokaryotic diversity and reassemble tropical soil communities toward drought-tolerant taxa, with RE inputs amplifying pos-wetting activity yet exacerbating diversity losses under severe stress. Such changes may compromise ecosystem stability and soil functions under future precipitation regimes.

AB - INTRODUCTION: Climate change is predicted to intensify droughts in tropical regions. However, the extent to which drought intensification and the subsequent changes in root exudate (RE) composition reshape soil prokaryotic communities (SPC) remains poorly understood.METHODS: We conducted a 69-day incubation to determine the effects of repeated exposure to severe drought and RE application on the SPC activity and structure in soils under old-growth forests and pastures from southwestern Amazonia. At the beginning of each cycle, microcosms received either artificial RE solution or sterile water; following drying, microcosms were either kept at 30% water holding capacity (WHC) for 18 days, representing the regional WHC in the dry season, or at 5% WHC, simulating severe drought.RESULTS: Drought intensity and RE availability were the primary drivers of changes in SPC composition and activity. The lowest prokaryotic diversity values were observed in the severe drought treatment with +RE addition for both land-uses. After wetting, +RE microcosms showed higher SPC activity due to the utilization of the supplemented REs. Carbon availability interacted with land-use specific characteristics and partially buffered drought effects on SPC composition in pastures. The SPCs from both land-uses were well-adapted to regional drought conditions. However, repeated severe drought caused significant community shifts towards dominance of a few drought-resistant families.DISCUSSION: Intensifying droughts can reduce prokaryotic diversity and reassemble tropical soil communities toward drought-tolerant taxa, with RE inputs amplifying pos-wetting activity yet exacerbating diversity losses under severe stress. Such changes may compromise ecosystem stability and soil functions under future precipitation regimes.

KW - Drying-rewetting

KW - land use

KW - root exudates

KW - soil prokaryotic community

KW - soil respiration

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U2 - 10.3389/fpls.2025.1684321

DO - 10.3389/fpls.2025.1684321

M3 - Article

C2 - 41255890

VL - 16

SP - 1684321

JO - Frontiers in Plant Science

JF - Frontiers in Plant Science

SN - 1664-462X

M1 - 1684321

ER -

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