A Review on Novel Channel Materials for Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements: Usability of Hydrogels in Cardiovascular Applications

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articleResearchpeer review

Authors

  • Christina Maria Winkler
  • Antonia Isabel Kuhn
  • Gesine Hentschel
  • Birgit Glasmacher

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Details

Original languageEnglish
Article number502
JournalGels
Volume8
Issue number8
Publication statusPublished - 12 Aug 2022

Abstract

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an optical and contactless measurement method for analyzing fluid blood dynamics in cardiovascular research. The main challenge to visualization investigated in the current research was matching the channel material’s index of refraction (IOR) to that of the fluid. Silicone is typically used as a channel material for these applications, so optical matching cannot be proven. This review considers hydrogel as a new PIV channel material for IOR matching. The advantages of hydrogels are their optical and mechanical properties. Hydrogels swell more than 90 vol% when hydrated in an aqueous solution and have an elastic behavior. This paper aimed to review single, double, and triple networks and nanocomposite hydrogels with suitable optical and mechanical properties to be used as PIV channel material, with a focus on cardiovascular applications. The properties are summarized in seven hydrogel groups: PAMPS, PAA, PVA, PAAm, PEG and PEO, PSA, and PNIPA. The reliability of the optical properties is related to low IORs, which allow higher light transmission. On the other hand, elastic modulus, tensile/compressive stress, and nominal tensile/compressive strain are higher for multiple-cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogels than single mono-cross-linked gels. This review describes methods for measuring optical and mechanical properties, e.g., refractometry and mechanical testing.

Keywords

    cardiovascular application, hydrogel composites, IOR matching, material characterization, optical and mechanical properties, PIV channel material

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Cite this

A Review on Novel Channel Materials for Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements: Usability of Hydrogels in Cardiovascular Applications. / Winkler, Christina Maria; Kuhn, Antonia Isabel; Hentschel, Gesine et al.
In: Gels, Vol. 8, No. 8, 502, 12.08.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articleResearchpeer review

Winkler CM, Kuhn AI, Hentschel G, Glasmacher B. A Review on Novel Channel Materials for Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements: Usability of Hydrogels in Cardiovascular Applications. Gels. 2022 Aug 12;8(8):502. doi: 10.3390/gels8080502
Winkler, Christina Maria ; Kuhn, Antonia Isabel ; Hentschel, Gesine et al. / A Review on Novel Channel Materials for Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements : Usability of Hydrogels in Cardiovascular Applications. In: Gels. 2022 ; Vol. 8, No. 8.
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title = "A Review on Novel Channel Materials for Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements: Usability of Hydrogels in Cardiovascular Applications",
abstract = "Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an optical and contactless measurement method for analyzing fluid blood dynamics in cardiovascular research. The main challenge to visualization investigated in the current research was matching the channel material{\textquoteright}s index of refraction (IOR) to that of the fluid. Silicone is typically used as a channel material for these applications, so optical matching cannot be proven. This review considers hydrogel as a new PIV channel material for IOR matching. The advantages of hydrogels are their optical and mechanical properties. Hydrogels swell more than 90 vol% when hydrated in an aqueous solution and have an elastic behavior. This paper aimed to review single, double, and triple networks and nanocomposite hydrogels with suitable optical and mechanical properties to be used as PIV channel material, with a focus on cardiovascular applications. The properties are summarized in seven hydrogel groups: PAMPS, PAA, PVA, PAAm, PEG and PEO, PSA, and PNIPA. The reliability of the optical properties is related to low IORs, which allow higher light transmission. On the other hand, elastic modulus, tensile/compressive stress, and nominal tensile/compressive strain are higher for multiple-cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogels than single mono-cross-linked gels. This review describes methods for measuring optical and mechanical properties, e.g., refractometry and mechanical testing.",
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note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by the “Caroline Herschel Program ” of the Equal Opportunities Office at the Leibniz University Hannover, the “Program Leibniz Young Investigator Grants” at the Leibniz University Hannover, the “International Neurobionics Foundation” at International Neuroscience Institute (INI) Hannover GmbH, the “German Research Foundation DFG ” Research Group FOR 2180 Graded Implants for Tendon-Bone Connections (GZ: GL 504/7-2), the program “Back2Job ” and the program “MINT Restart ”.",
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AU - Winkler, Christina Maria

AU - Kuhn, Antonia Isabel

AU - Hentschel, Gesine

AU - Glasmacher, Birgit

N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by the “Caroline Herschel Program ” of the Equal Opportunities Office at the Leibniz University Hannover, the “Program Leibniz Young Investigator Grants” at the Leibniz University Hannover, the “International Neurobionics Foundation” at International Neuroscience Institute (INI) Hannover GmbH, the “German Research Foundation DFG ” Research Group FOR 2180 Graded Implants for Tendon-Bone Connections (GZ: GL 504/7-2), the program “Back2Job ” and the program “MINT Restart ”.

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N2 - Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an optical and contactless measurement method for analyzing fluid blood dynamics in cardiovascular research. The main challenge to visualization investigated in the current research was matching the channel material’s index of refraction (IOR) to that of the fluid. Silicone is typically used as a channel material for these applications, so optical matching cannot be proven. This review considers hydrogel as a new PIV channel material for IOR matching. The advantages of hydrogels are their optical and mechanical properties. Hydrogels swell more than 90 vol% when hydrated in an aqueous solution and have an elastic behavior. This paper aimed to review single, double, and triple networks and nanocomposite hydrogels with suitable optical and mechanical properties to be used as PIV channel material, with a focus on cardiovascular applications. The properties are summarized in seven hydrogel groups: PAMPS, PAA, PVA, PAAm, PEG and PEO, PSA, and PNIPA. The reliability of the optical properties is related to low IORs, which allow higher light transmission. On the other hand, elastic modulus, tensile/compressive stress, and nominal tensile/compressive strain are higher for multiple-cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogels than single mono-cross-linked gels. This review describes methods for measuring optical and mechanical properties, e.g., refractometry and mechanical testing.

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