TY - JOUR

T1 - Response of the tectonically erosive south Peruvian forearc to subduction of the Nazca Ridge

T2 - Analysis of three-dimensional analogue experiments

AU - Hampel, Andrea

AU - Adam, Juergen

AU - Kukowski, Nina

PY - 2004/10

Y1 - 2004/10

N2 - The collision zone of the obliquely subducting Nazca Ridge and the erosive Peruvian forearc is characterized by enhanced tectonic erosion, normal faulting, forearc uplift, and a minor indentation. We apply two three-dimensional sandbox experiments monitored by an optical particle imaging velocimetry system to decipher the spatial and temporal evolution of forearc deformation. During oblique convergence the rigid model ridge causes a wave of uplift followed by subsidence to shift along the forearc. By varying the strength of the analogue material we demonstrate that the forearc response to ridge subduction, in particular the amount and rate of uplift and wedge indentation, is controlled by the mechanical strength of the forearc. The model using the high-strength material yields results more compatible with the geological record of the Peruvian forearc. First, the modeled amount of uplift scales to ∼1.2 km in nature, which agrees with ∼1.0 km of uplift recorded by marine terraces. Second, the calibrated model uplift rate of 0.9 km/Myr is similar to the natural rate of ∼0.7 km/Myr. Third, the development of normal faults above the model ridge is in accordance with the style of faulting above the Nazca Ridge. Finally, oversteepening of the uplifted wedge and local slope failure, as observed in the experiment, has also been identified off southern Peru. A comparison between the erosive Peruvian and accretive margins emphasizes that the style of ridge-induced deformation depends on the forearc strength and crustal structure, which in turn are controlled by the long-term evolution of the margin's mass transfer regime.

AB - The collision zone of the obliquely subducting Nazca Ridge and the erosive Peruvian forearc is characterized by enhanced tectonic erosion, normal faulting, forearc uplift, and a minor indentation. We apply two three-dimensional sandbox experiments monitored by an optical particle imaging velocimetry system to decipher the spatial and temporal evolution of forearc deformation. During oblique convergence the rigid model ridge causes a wave of uplift followed by subsidence to shift along the forearc. By varying the strength of the analogue material we demonstrate that the forearc response to ridge subduction, in particular the amount and rate of uplift and wedge indentation, is controlled by the mechanical strength of the forearc. The model using the high-strength material yields results more compatible with the geological record of the Peruvian forearc. First, the modeled amount of uplift scales to ∼1.2 km in nature, which agrees with ∼1.0 km of uplift recorded by marine terraces. Second, the calibrated model uplift rate of 0.9 km/Myr is similar to the natural rate of ∼0.7 km/Myr. Third, the development of normal faults above the model ridge is in accordance with the style of faulting above the Nazca Ridge. Finally, oversteepening of the uplifted wedge and local slope failure, as observed in the experiment, has also been identified off southern Peru. A comparison between the erosive Peruvian and accretive margins emphasizes that the style of ridge-induced deformation depends on the forearc strength and crustal structure, which in turn are controlled by the long-term evolution of the margin's mass transfer regime.

KW - 3-D analogue modeling

KW - Erosive forearc

KW - Nazca Ridge

KW - Particle imaging velocimetry

KW - Peruvian margin

KW - Ridge subduction

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=11944269508&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1029/2003TC001585

DO - 10.1029/2003TC001585

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:11944269508

VL - 23

SP - TC5003 1-16

JO - TECTONICS

JF - TECTONICS

SN - 0278-7407

IS - 5

ER -