TY - JOUR

T1 - Promoting Beneficial and Inhibiting Undesirable Biofilm Formation with Mangrove Extracts

AU - Glasenapp, Yvana

AU - Catto, Cristina

AU - Villa, Federica

AU - Saracchi, Marco

AU - Cappitelli, Francesca

AU - Papenbrock, Jutta

N1 - Funding information: This research was funded by MIUR-DAAD Joint Mobility Program, German-Italian bilateral project “Bioactive secondary compounds from halophyte species inhibit biofilm formation of plant-pathogenic microorganisms on plant surfaces” (SAB-HAL), grant number 57265315. The publication of this article was funded by the Open Access Fund of the Leibniz Universität Hannover.

PY - 2019/7/19

Y1 - 2019/7/19

N2 - The extracts of two mangrove species, Bruguiera cylindrica and Laguncularia racemosa, have been analyzed at sub-lethal concentrations for their potential to modulate biofilm cycles (i.e., adhesion, maturation, and detachment) on a bacterium, yeast, and filamentous fungus. Methanolic leaf extracts were also characterized, and MS/MS analysis has been used to identify the major compounds. In this study, we showed the following. (i) Adhesion was reduced up to 85.4% in all the models except for E. Coli, where adhesion was promoted up to 5.10-fold. (ii) Both the sum and ratio of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins in mature biofilm were increased up to 2.5-fold and 2.6-fold in comparison to the negative control, respectively. Additionally, a shift toward a major production of exopolysaccharides was found coupled with a major production of both intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species. (iii) Lastly, detachment was generally promoted. In general, the L. racemosa extract had a higher bioactivity at lower concentrations than the B. Cylindrica extract. Overall, our data showed a reduction in cells/conidia adhesion under B. Cylindrica and L. racemosa exposure, followed by an increase of exopolysaccharides during biofilm maturation and a variable effect on biofilm dispersal. In conclusion, extracts either inhibited or enhanced biofilm development, and this effect depended on both the microbial taxon and biofilm formation step.

AB - The extracts of two mangrove species, Bruguiera cylindrica and Laguncularia racemosa, have been analyzed at sub-lethal concentrations for their potential to modulate biofilm cycles (i.e., adhesion, maturation, and detachment) on a bacterium, yeast, and filamentous fungus. Methanolic leaf extracts were also characterized, and MS/MS analysis has been used to identify the major compounds. In this study, we showed the following. (i) Adhesion was reduced up to 85.4% in all the models except for E. Coli, where adhesion was promoted up to 5.10-fold. (ii) Both the sum and ratio of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins in mature biofilm were increased up to 2.5-fold and 2.6-fold in comparison to the negative control, respectively. Additionally, a shift toward a major production of exopolysaccharides was found coupled with a major production of both intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species. (iii) Lastly, detachment was generally promoted. In general, the L. racemosa extract had a higher bioactivity at lower concentrations than the B. Cylindrica extract. Overall, our data showed a reduction in cells/conidia adhesion under B. Cylindrica and L. racemosa exposure, followed by an increase of exopolysaccharides during biofilm maturation and a variable effect on biofilm dispersal. In conclusion, extracts either inhibited or enhanced biofilm development, and this effect depended on both the microbial taxon and biofilm formation step.

KW - antibiofilm activity

KW - biofilm promotion

KW - mangrove extract

KW - non-lethal concentration

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071884593&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/ijms20143549

DO - 10.3390/ijms20143549

M3 - Article

C2 - 31331112

AN - SCOPUS:85071884593

VL - 20

JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences

SN - 1661-6596

IS - 14

M1 - 3549

ER -