Prediction of the Behaviour of Monopiles Under Drained Two-Way Cyclic Lateral Loading in Sand

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OriginalspracheEnglisch
Seiten (von - bis)3696-3712
Seitenumfang17
FachzeitschriftInternational Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics
Jahrgang49
Ausgabenummer16
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - 9 Okt. 2025

Abstract

The monopile is considered as one of the preferred geotechnical foundations for the offshore wind energy converter; therefore, its cyclic behaviour is one of the major concerns in the design. In the current design approaches, the prediction of two-way cyclic behaviour mainly depends on empirical equations, in which the specific site conditions are not considered. Therefore, quantifying the cyclic behaviour of monopiles under two-way cyclic loading is still an issue under research. In this sense, the numerical method cyclic strain accumulation method (CSAM), which has already been validated on monopile and shallow foundations subjected to one-way cyclic loading in sand under drained conditions, is modified and applied to monopiles under two-way cyclic loading. Through the comparison between the numerical results and measurements on a small-scale test and a numerical investigation on a prototype monopile, it has been shown that the CSAM is capable of giving realistic predictions of the two-way cyclic behaviour of the monopiles and thus provides a new promising tool to describe the two-way cyclic behaviour of the monopiles, taking into account site-specific conditions.

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Prediction of the Behaviour of Monopiles Under Drained Two-Way Cyclic Lateral Loading in Sand. / Cao, Shuhan; Abdel-Rahman, Khalid; Achmus, Martin.
in: International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Jahrgang 49, Nr. 16, 09.10.2025, S. 3696-3712.

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

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abstract = "The monopile is considered as one of the preferred geotechnical foundations for the offshore wind energy converter; therefore, its cyclic behaviour is one of the major concerns in the design. In the current design approaches, the prediction of two-way cyclic behaviour mainly depends on empirical equations, in which the specific site conditions are not considered. Therefore, quantifying the cyclic behaviour of monopiles under two-way cyclic loading is still an issue under research. In this sense, the numerical method cyclic strain accumulation method (CSAM), which has already been validated on monopile and shallow foundations subjected to one-way cyclic loading in sand under drained conditions, is modified and applied to monopiles under two-way cyclic loading. Through the comparison between the numerical results and measurements on a small-scale test and a numerical investigation on a prototype monopile, it has been shown that the CSAM is capable of giving realistic predictions of the two-way cyclic behaviour of the monopiles and thus provides a new promising tool to describe the two-way cyclic behaviour of the monopiles, taking into account site-specific conditions.",
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AU - Cao, Shuhan

AU - Abdel-Rahman, Khalid

AU - Achmus, Martin

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

PY - 2025/10/9

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N2 - The monopile is considered as one of the preferred geotechnical foundations for the offshore wind energy converter; therefore, its cyclic behaviour is one of the major concerns in the design. In the current design approaches, the prediction of two-way cyclic behaviour mainly depends on empirical equations, in which the specific site conditions are not considered. Therefore, quantifying the cyclic behaviour of monopiles under two-way cyclic loading is still an issue under research. In this sense, the numerical method cyclic strain accumulation method (CSAM), which has already been validated on monopile and shallow foundations subjected to one-way cyclic loading in sand under drained conditions, is modified and applied to monopiles under two-way cyclic loading. Through the comparison between the numerical results and measurements on a small-scale test and a numerical investigation on a prototype monopile, it has been shown that the CSAM is capable of giving realistic predictions of the two-way cyclic behaviour of the monopiles and thus provides a new promising tool to describe the two-way cyclic behaviour of the monopiles, taking into account site-specific conditions.

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