Paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on Early Cretaceous lignite deposits from Central Mongolia (Tevshiin Govi mine)

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

Autorschaft

  • Fritz Lukas Stoepke
  • Ralf Littke
  • Alexander Wheeler
  • Hitoshi Hasegawa
  • Niiden Ichinnorov
  • Ulrich Heimhofer

Externe Organisationen

  • Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH)
  • Kochi University
  • Mongolian Academy of Sciences
Forschungs-netzwerk anzeigen

Details

OriginalspracheEnglisch
Aufsatznummer104924
FachzeitschriftInternational Journal of Coal Geology
Jahrgang314
Frühes Online-Datum18 Dez. 2025
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - 27 Jan. 2026

Abstract

Lignites from the Mongolian Khukhteeg Formation bear exceptionally well-preserved plant macro- and mesofossils, providing important insights into the evolution and composition of peat forming flora in inner-continental paleo-Asia during the late Early Cretaceous. Numerous paleobotanical studies deal with fossil plant material from the Tevshiin Govi site, a small-scale open-cast lignite mine located in the Choir-Nyalga Basin of central Mongolia. However, information on the peat depositional environment of the Tevshiin Govi site is limited. In order to reconstruct the conditions during peat formation, coal petrology and palynology, complemented by geochemical measurements (TOC, TS, δ13Corg), was applied across a ∼ 35 m thick lignite-rich succession. Maceral composition is dominated by huminite with few samples being rich in inertinite and/or mineral matter. Calculated maceral indices indicate a topogenous mire setting. Variability of the GWIAC indicates regular flooding of the peat. The stratigraphic trend in δ13Corg covaries with fusinite content, suggesting short-lived events such as peat fires affecting the δ13Corg signature. Palynological observations show a strong dominance of pollen produced by Cupressaceae and Pinaceae, which is in accordance with the meso- and macrofossil findings. No angiosperm pollen was observed. Based on diverse spore genera, a high diversity of herbaceous plants is suggested, which contrasts with previous reconstructions. Overall, the Tevshiin Govi site reveals a paleoenvironment that was mainly forested. Trees were dominated by conifers with an understory of pteridophytes (mainly ferns). The depositional setting was strongly influenced by fluvial processes. During phases of peat formation, the swamp was either covered by water or regularly flooded.

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Paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on Early Cretaceous lignite deposits from Central Mongolia (Tevshiin Govi mine). / Stoepke, Fritz Lukas; Littke, Ralf; Wheeler, Alexander et al.
in: International Journal of Coal Geology, Jahrgang 314, 104924, 27.01.2026.

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

Stoepke FL, Littke R, Wheeler A, Hasegawa H, Ichinnorov N, Heimhofer U. Paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on Early Cretaceous lignite deposits from Central Mongolia (Tevshiin Govi mine). International Journal of Coal Geology. 2026 Jan 27;314:104924. Epub 2025 Dez 18. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2025.104924
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title = "Paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on Early Cretaceous lignite deposits from Central Mongolia (Tevshiin Govi mine)",
abstract = "Lignites from the Mongolian Khukhteeg Formation bear exceptionally well-preserved plant macro- and mesofossils, providing important insights into the evolution and composition of peat forming flora in inner-continental paleo-Asia during the late Early Cretaceous. Numerous paleobotanical studies deal with fossil plant material from the Tevshiin Govi site, a small-scale open-cast lignite mine located in the Choir-Nyalga Basin of central Mongolia. However, information on the peat depositional environment of the Tevshiin Govi site is limited. In order to reconstruct the conditions during peat formation, coal petrology and palynology, complemented by geochemical measurements (TOC, TS, δ13Corg), was applied across a ∼ 35 m thick lignite-rich succession. Maceral composition is dominated by huminite with few samples being rich in inertinite and/or mineral matter. Calculated maceral indices indicate a topogenous mire setting. Variability of the GWIAC indicates regular flooding of the peat. The stratigraphic trend in δ13Corg covaries with fusinite content, suggesting short-lived events such as peat fires affecting the δ13Corg signature. Palynological observations show a strong dominance of pollen produced by Cupressaceae and Pinaceae, which is in accordance with the meso- and macrofossil findings. No angiosperm pollen was observed. Based on diverse spore genera, a high diversity of herbaceous plants is suggested, which contrasts with previous reconstructions. Overall, the Tevshiin Govi site reveals a paleoenvironment that was mainly forested. Trees were dominated by conifers with an understory of pteridophytes (mainly ferns). The depositional setting was strongly influenced by fluvial processes. During phases of peat formation, the swamp was either covered by water or regularly flooded.",
keywords = "Carbon isotopes, Lignite, Lower cretaceous, Mongolia, Organic petrography, Palynology, Peat deposition",
author = "Stoepke, {Fritz Lukas} and Ralf Littke and Alexander Wheeler and Hitoshi Hasegawa and Niiden Ichinnorov and Ulrich Heimhofer",
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T1 - Paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on Early Cretaceous lignite deposits from Central Mongolia (Tevshiin Govi mine)

AU - Stoepke, Fritz Lukas

AU - Littke, Ralf

AU - Wheeler, Alexander

AU - Hasegawa, Hitoshi

AU - Ichinnorov, Niiden

AU - Heimhofer, Ulrich

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025

PY - 2026/1/27

Y1 - 2026/1/27

N2 - Lignites from the Mongolian Khukhteeg Formation bear exceptionally well-preserved plant macro- and mesofossils, providing important insights into the evolution and composition of peat forming flora in inner-continental paleo-Asia during the late Early Cretaceous. Numerous paleobotanical studies deal with fossil plant material from the Tevshiin Govi site, a small-scale open-cast lignite mine located in the Choir-Nyalga Basin of central Mongolia. However, information on the peat depositional environment of the Tevshiin Govi site is limited. In order to reconstruct the conditions during peat formation, coal petrology and palynology, complemented by geochemical measurements (TOC, TS, δ13Corg), was applied across a ∼ 35 m thick lignite-rich succession. Maceral composition is dominated by huminite with few samples being rich in inertinite and/or mineral matter. Calculated maceral indices indicate a topogenous mire setting. Variability of the GWIAC indicates regular flooding of the peat. The stratigraphic trend in δ13Corg covaries with fusinite content, suggesting short-lived events such as peat fires affecting the δ13Corg signature. Palynological observations show a strong dominance of pollen produced by Cupressaceae and Pinaceae, which is in accordance with the meso- and macrofossil findings. No angiosperm pollen was observed. Based on diverse spore genera, a high diversity of herbaceous plants is suggested, which contrasts with previous reconstructions. Overall, the Tevshiin Govi site reveals a paleoenvironment that was mainly forested. Trees were dominated by conifers with an understory of pteridophytes (mainly ferns). The depositional setting was strongly influenced by fluvial processes. During phases of peat formation, the swamp was either covered by water or regularly flooded.

AB - Lignites from the Mongolian Khukhteeg Formation bear exceptionally well-preserved plant macro- and mesofossils, providing important insights into the evolution and composition of peat forming flora in inner-continental paleo-Asia during the late Early Cretaceous. Numerous paleobotanical studies deal with fossil plant material from the Tevshiin Govi site, a small-scale open-cast lignite mine located in the Choir-Nyalga Basin of central Mongolia. However, information on the peat depositional environment of the Tevshiin Govi site is limited. In order to reconstruct the conditions during peat formation, coal petrology and palynology, complemented by geochemical measurements (TOC, TS, δ13Corg), was applied across a ∼ 35 m thick lignite-rich succession. Maceral composition is dominated by huminite with few samples being rich in inertinite and/or mineral matter. Calculated maceral indices indicate a topogenous mire setting. Variability of the GWIAC indicates regular flooding of the peat. The stratigraphic trend in δ13Corg covaries with fusinite content, suggesting short-lived events such as peat fires affecting the δ13Corg signature. Palynological observations show a strong dominance of pollen produced by Cupressaceae and Pinaceae, which is in accordance with the meso- and macrofossil findings. No angiosperm pollen was observed. Based on diverse spore genera, a high diversity of herbaceous plants is suggested, which contrasts with previous reconstructions. Overall, the Tevshiin Govi site reveals a paleoenvironment that was mainly forested. Trees were dominated by conifers with an understory of pteridophytes (mainly ferns). The depositional setting was strongly influenced by fluvial processes. During phases of peat formation, the swamp was either covered by water or regularly flooded.

KW - Carbon isotopes

KW - Lignite

KW - Lower cretaceous

KW - Mongolia

KW - Organic petrography

KW - Palynology

KW - Peat deposition

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DO - 10.1016/j.coal.2025.104924

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VL - 314

JO - International Journal of Coal Geology

JF - International Journal of Coal Geology

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