TY - JOUR

T1 - On a Correlation Model for Laser Scanners

T2 - A Large Eddy Simulation Experiment

AU - Kermarrec, Gaël

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 by the author.

PY - 2024/9/24

Y1 - 2024/9/24

N2 - Large Eddy Simulations (LES) allow the generation of spatio-temporal fields of the refractivity index for various meteorological conditions and provide a unique way to simulate turbulence-distorted phase measurements as those from geodetic sensors. This approach enables a statistical quantification of the von Kármán model’s adequacy in describing the phase spectrum and the assessment of the validity of common assumptions such as isotropy or the Taylor frozen hypothesis. This contribution shows that the outer scale length, defined using the Taylor frozen hypothesis as the saturation frequency of the phase spectrum, can be statistically estimated, along with an error fit factor between the model and its estimation. It is found that this parameter strongly varies with height and meteorological conditions (convective or wind-driven boundary layer). The simulations further highlight the linear dependency with the variance of the turbulent phase fluctuations but no dependency on the local outer scale length as defined by Tatarskii. An application of these results within a geodetic context is proposed, where an understanding and solid estimation of the outer scale length is mandatory in avoiding biased decisions during statistical deformation analysis. The LES presented in this contribution support derivations for an improved stochastic model of terrestrial laser scanners.

AB - Large Eddy Simulations (LES) allow the generation of spatio-temporal fields of the refractivity index for various meteorological conditions and provide a unique way to simulate turbulence-distorted phase measurements as those from geodetic sensors. This approach enables a statistical quantification of the von Kármán model’s adequacy in describing the phase spectrum and the assessment of the validity of common assumptions such as isotropy or the Taylor frozen hypothesis. This contribution shows that the outer scale length, defined using the Taylor frozen hypothesis as the saturation frequency of the phase spectrum, can be statistically estimated, along with an error fit factor between the model and its estimation. It is found that this parameter strongly varies with height and meteorological conditions (convective or wind-driven boundary layer). The simulations further highlight the linear dependency with the variance of the turbulent phase fluctuations but no dependency on the local outer scale length as defined by Tatarskii. An application of these results within a geodetic context is proposed, where an understanding and solid estimation of the outer scale length is mandatory in avoiding biased decisions during statistical deformation analysis. The LES presented in this contribution support derivations for an improved stochastic model of terrestrial laser scanners.

KW - atmospheric turbulence

KW - Kolmogorov spectrum

KW - outer scale length of turbulence

KW - terrestrial laser scanner

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85206294564&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/rs16193545

DO - 10.3390/rs16193545

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85206294564

VL - 16

JO - Remote sensing

JF - Remote sensing

SN - 2072-4292

IS - 19

M1 - 3545

ER -