Mismatch between cuticle deposition and area expansion in fruit skins allows potentially catastrophic buildup of elastic strain

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

Autoren

  • Xiaoting Lai
  • Bishnu Prasad Khanal
  • Moritz Knoche
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Details

OriginalspracheEnglisch
Seiten (von - bis)1145-1156
Seitenumfang12
FachzeitschriftPLANTA
Jahrgang244
Ausgabenummer5
Frühes Online-Datum28 Juli 2016
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - 1 Nov. 2016

Abstract

Main conclusion: The continuous deposition of cutin and wax during leaf and fruit growth is crucial to alleviate elastic strain of the cuticle, minimizethe risk of failure and maintain its barrier functions. The cuticular membrane (CM) is a lipoidal biopolymer that covers primary surfaces of terrestrial plants. CMs have barrier functions in water and solute transfer and pathogen invasion. These require intact CMs throughout growth. This is a challenge particularly for fruit, because they increase in area from initiation through to maturity. Our paper investigates the effects of cutin and wax deposition on strain buildup in the CM. We use developing fruits and leaves of apple (Malus × domestica) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium) as models. The hypothesis was that the continuous deposition of the CM prevents the buildup of excessive elastic strain in fruit and leaves. Strains were quantified from decreases in surface area of CMs after isolation from epidermal discs, after wax extraction and from increases in surface area during development. Cuticle mass per unit area increased throughout development in apple fruit, and leaves of apple and sweet cherry. In sweet cherry fruit, however, CM mass increased only initially, but thereafter decreased as the surface expanded rapidly. The release of strain on CM isolation was low in apple fruit and leaves and sweet cherry leaves, but high in sweet cherry fruit. Conversely, strains fixed by the deposition of wax and cutin were high in apple fruit and leaves and sweet cherry leaves, but low in sweet cherry fruit. Our results indicate that in expanding organs, deposition of cutin and wax in the CM allows conversion of elastic to plastic strain. Hence, any lack of such deposition allows buildup of high, potentially catastrophic, elastic strain.

ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete

  • Biochemie, Genetik und Molekularbiologie (insg.)
  • Genetik
  • Agrar- und Biowissenschaften (insg.)
  • Pflanzenkunde

Zitieren

Mismatch between cuticle deposition and area expansion in fruit skins allows potentially catastrophic buildup of elastic strain. / Lai, Xiaoting; Khanal, Bishnu Prasad; Knoche, Moritz.
in: PLANTA, Jahrgang 244, Nr. 5, 01.11.2016, S. 1145-1156.

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

Lai X, Khanal BP, Knoche M. Mismatch between cuticle deposition and area expansion in fruit skins allows potentially catastrophic buildup of elastic strain. PLANTA. 2016 Nov 1;244(5):1145-1156. Epub 2016 Jul 28. doi: 10.1007/s00425-016-2572-9
Lai, Xiaoting ; Khanal, Bishnu Prasad ; Knoche, Moritz. / Mismatch between cuticle deposition and area expansion in fruit skins allows potentially catastrophic buildup of elastic strain. in: PLANTA. 2016 ; Jahrgang 244, Nr. 5. S. 1145-1156.
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title = "Mismatch between cuticle deposition and area expansion in fruit skins allows potentially catastrophic buildup of elastic strain",
abstract = "Main conclusion: The continuous deposition of cutin and wax during leaf and fruit growth is crucial to alleviate elastic strain of the cuticle, minimizethe risk of failure and maintain its barrier functions. The cuticular membrane (CM) is a lipoidal biopolymer that covers primary surfaces of terrestrial plants. CMs have barrier functions in water and solute transfer and pathogen invasion. These require intact CMs throughout growth. This is a challenge particularly for fruit, because they increase in area from initiation through to maturity. Our paper investigates the effects of cutin and wax deposition on strain buildup in the CM. We use developing fruits and leaves of apple (Malus × domestica) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium) as models. The hypothesis was that the continuous deposition of the CM prevents the buildup of excessive elastic strain in fruit and leaves. Strains were quantified from decreases in surface area of CMs after isolation from epidermal discs, after wax extraction and from increases in surface area during development. Cuticle mass per unit area increased throughout development in apple fruit, and leaves of apple and sweet cherry. In sweet cherry fruit, however, CM mass increased only initially, but thereafter decreased as the surface expanded rapidly. The release of strain on CM isolation was low in apple fruit and leaves and sweet cherry leaves, but high in sweet cherry fruit. Conversely, strains fixed by the deposition of wax and cutin were high in apple fruit and leaves and sweet cherry leaves, but low in sweet cherry fruit. Our results indicate that in expanding organs, deposition of cutin and wax in the CM allows conversion of elastic to plastic strain. Hence, any lack of such deposition allows buildup of high, potentially catastrophic, elastic strain.",
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T1 - Mismatch between cuticle deposition and area expansion in fruit skins allows potentially catastrophic buildup of elastic strain

AU - Lai, Xiaoting

AU - Khanal, Bishnu Prasad

AU - Knoche, Moritz

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Dr. Sandy Lang for his very thoughtful comments when reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank the German Science Foundation (DFG) for funding part of this research. Thank you.

PY - 2016/11/1

Y1 - 2016/11/1

N2 - Main conclusion: The continuous deposition of cutin and wax during leaf and fruit growth is crucial to alleviate elastic strain of the cuticle, minimizethe risk of failure and maintain its barrier functions. The cuticular membrane (CM) is a lipoidal biopolymer that covers primary surfaces of terrestrial plants. CMs have barrier functions in water and solute transfer and pathogen invasion. These require intact CMs throughout growth. This is a challenge particularly for fruit, because they increase in area from initiation through to maturity. Our paper investigates the effects of cutin and wax deposition on strain buildup in the CM. We use developing fruits and leaves of apple (Malus × domestica) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium) as models. The hypothesis was that the continuous deposition of the CM prevents the buildup of excessive elastic strain in fruit and leaves. Strains were quantified from decreases in surface area of CMs after isolation from epidermal discs, after wax extraction and from increases in surface area during development. Cuticle mass per unit area increased throughout development in apple fruit, and leaves of apple and sweet cherry. In sweet cherry fruit, however, CM mass increased only initially, but thereafter decreased as the surface expanded rapidly. The release of strain on CM isolation was low in apple fruit and leaves and sweet cherry leaves, but high in sweet cherry fruit. Conversely, strains fixed by the deposition of wax and cutin were high in apple fruit and leaves and sweet cherry leaves, but low in sweet cherry fruit. Our results indicate that in expanding organs, deposition of cutin and wax in the CM allows conversion of elastic to plastic strain. Hence, any lack of such deposition allows buildup of high, potentially catastrophic, elastic strain.

AB - Main conclusion: The continuous deposition of cutin and wax during leaf and fruit growth is crucial to alleviate elastic strain of the cuticle, minimizethe risk of failure and maintain its barrier functions. The cuticular membrane (CM) is a lipoidal biopolymer that covers primary surfaces of terrestrial plants. CMs have barrier functions in water and solute transfer and pathogen invasion. These require intact CMs throughout growth. This is a challenge particularly for fruit, because they increase in area from initiation through to maturity. Our paper investigates the effects of cutin and wax deposition on strain buildup in the CM. We use developing fruits and leaves of apple (Malus × domestica) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium) as models. The hypothesis was that the continuous deposition of the CM prevents the buildup of excessive elastic strain in fruit and leaves. Strains were quantified from decreases in surface area of CMs after isolation from epidermal discs, after wax extraction and from increases in surface area during development. Cuticle mass per unit area increased throughout development in apple fruit, and leaves of apple and sweet cherry. In sweet cherry fruit, however, CM mass increased only initially, but thereafter decreased as the surface expanded rapidly. The release of strain on CM isolation was low in apple fruit and leaves and sweet cherry leaves, but high in sweet cherry fruit. Conversely, strains fixed by the deposition of wax and cutin were high in apple fruit and leaves and sweet cherry leaves, but low in sweet cherry fruit. Our results indicate that in expanding organs, deposition of cutin and wax in the CM allows conversion of elastic to plastic strain. Hence, any lack of such deposition allows buildup of high, potentially catastrophic, elastic strain.

KW - Apple

KW - Cherry

KW - Cutin

KW - Rheology

KW - Stress

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JO - PLANTA

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SN - 0032-0935

IS - 5

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