TY - JOUR

T1 - Enhanced adsorption of malachite green onto a composite material activated carbon and iron(III) oxide nanoparticles

T2 - isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic study

AU - Lincold, Magapgie N.

AU - Jules, Mabou L.

AU - Guy, Ngassa P.

AU - Suzanne, Makota

AU - Jacques, Mbouombouo B.

AU - Sylvain, Tome

AU - Shikuku, Victor O.

AU - Tchieta, Gerard P.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

PY - 2024/11/13

Y1 - 2024/11/13

N2 - In this study, activated carbon derived from black fruit kernels decorated with iron(III) oxide nanoparticles (AC@NPs) was prepared for effective adsorption of malachite green in batch mode. The adsorbents were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM/EDX, TGA, and BET/BJH techniques. The effect of contact time, pH, initial concentration, and temperature was evaluated. Incorporation of NPs diminished the specific surface area by ~ 9.6%. However, this was accompanied by increase in equilibrium maximum adsorption capacity from 600 to 700 mg·g−1 for AC and AC@NPs, respectively. The equilibrium data were best described by Hill’s isotherm and the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. The PSO rate constants were indistinguishable implying the changes in surface chemistry, surface area, and porosity structures only affected equilibrium and not kinetics. Pore-diffusion was the sole rate-determining step for the upkate of MG onto AC@NPs. The adsorption of MG is inferred to be equilibrium-driven. The adsorption enthalpy of − 12 kJ·mol−1 for AC and 52.602 kJ·mol−1 for AC@NPs corresponding to the transition from exothermic physisorption to endothermic chemisorption denotes iron NPs introduced functional surfaces with increased binding energies. Impregnation with iron(III) oxide is shown to be an applicable strategy for tuning surface chemistry to increase adsorbent performance for MG removal from water.

AB - In this study, activated carbon derived from black fruit kernels decorated with iron(III) oxide nanoparticles (AC@NPs) was prepared for effective adsorption of malachite green in batch mode. The adsorbents were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM/EDX, TGA, and BET/BJH techniques. The effect of contact time, pH, initial concentration, and temperature was evaluated. Incorporation of NPs diminished the specific surface area by ~ 9.6%. However, this was accompanied by increase in equilibrium maximum adsorption capacity from 600 to 700 mg·g−1 for AC and AC@NPs, respectively. The equilibrium data were best described by Hill’s isotherm and the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. The PSO rate constants were indistinguishable implying the changes in surface chemistry, surface area, and porosity structures only affected equilibrium and not kinetics. Pore-diffusion was the sole rate-determining step for the upkate of MG onto AC@NPs. The adsorption of MG is inferred to be equilibrium-driven. The adsorption enthalpy of − 12 kJ·mol−1 for AC and 52.602 kJ·mol−1 for AC@NPs corresponding to the transition from exothermic physisorption to endothermic chemisorption denotes iron NPs introduced functional surfaces with increased binding energies. Impregnation with iron(III) oxide is shown to be an applicable strategy for tuning surface chemistry to increase adsorbent performance for MG removal from water.

KW - Activated carbon

KW - Adsorption capacity

KW - Composite material

KW - Equilibrium-driven adsorption

KW - Iron oxide

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85216653908&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s13399-024-06277-8

DO - 10.1007/s13399-024-06277-8

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85216653908

JO - BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY

JF - BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY

SN - 2190-6815

ER -