Effects of cigarette smoking on the oral microbiome in adolescents

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

Autorschaft

  • Paula Schaefer-Dreyer
  • Wiebke Behrens
  • Andreas Winkel
  • Philipp-Cornelius Pott
  • Mira Paulsen
  • Nils Stanislawski
  • Fatma Tanisik
  • Anette Melk
  • Bernhard Magnus Wilhelm Schmidt
  • Henning Lucas
  • Stefanie Heiden
  • Norman Klopp
  • Thomas Illig
  • Holger Blume
  • Cornelia Blume
  • Ines Yang
  • Meike Stiesch

Externe Organisationen

  • Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)
  • NIFE- Niedersächsisches Zentrum für Biomedizintechnik, Implantatforschung und Entwicklung
  • Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut)
Forschungs-netzwerk anzeigen

Details

OriginalspracheEnglisch
Aufsatznummer1348
FachzeitschriftScientific reports
Jahrgang16
Ausgabenummer1
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - 10 Jan. 2026

Abstract

Smoking, a risk factor for periodontitis and peri-implantitis, is associated with shifts in the oral microbiome (OM) composition. Although smoking habits are almost always established before adulthood, data on effects of smoking on the OM in adolescents is rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the early impact of smoking on the OM composition in pupils. The adolescent cohort, aged 14-20, comprised 98 smokers and 98 non-smokers matched for several physiological co-variates. Buccal swabs were analysed for OM composition using high-throughput sequencing of the full-length 16 S rRNA gene targeting species-level resolution. Parameters of bacterial diversity and abundance of individual bacterial taxa were related to information on smoking. The microbiome dataset contained 733 species-level taxa. Streptococcus, Rothia, and Haemophilus dominated both groups, smokers and non-smokers. Smoking exerted a discernible influence on the overall microbial composition as measured by weighted UniFrac distances. The number of species-level bacterial taxa was significantly higher in individual smokers compared to non-smokers. Furthermore, several taxa, including known pathogens, exhibited significant differences in abundance between the two groups. The genera Veillonella, and Actinomyces, as well as and multiple Actinomyces species, Dialister invisus, Atopobium parvulum, Streptococcus mutans and Prevotella melaninogenica were significantly more abundant in smokers. Our findings indicated an early onset of smoking-related changes already in the oral microbiome of adolescents.

ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete

Zitieren

Effects of cigarette smoking on the oral microbiome in adolescents. / Schaefer-Dreyer, Paula; Behrens, Wiebke; Winkel, Andreas et al.
in: Scientific reports, Jahrgang 16, Nr. 1, 1348, 10.01.2026.

Publikation: Beitrag in FachzeitschriftArtikelForschungPeer-Review

Schaefer-Dreyer, P, Behrens, W, Winkel, A, Pott, P-C, Paulsen, M, Stanislawski, N, Tanisik, F, Melk, A, Schmidt, BMW, Lucas, H, Heiden, S, Klopp, N, Illig, T, Blume, H, Blume, C, Yang, I & Stiesch, M 2026, 'Effects of cigarette smoking on the oral microbiome in adolescents', Scientific reports, Jg. 16, Nr. 1, 1348. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-32650-2
Schaefer-Dreyer, P., Behrens, W., Winkel, A., Pott, P.-C., Paulsen, M., Stanislawski, N., Tanisik, F., Melk, A., Schmidt, B. M. W., Lucas, H., Heiden, S., Klopp, N., Illig, T., Blume, H., Blume, C., Yang, I., & Stiesch, M. (2026). Effects of cigarette smoking on the oral microbiome in adolescents. Scientific reports, 16(1), Artikel 1348. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-32650-2
Schaefer-Dreyer P, Behrens W, Winkel A, Pott PC, Paulsen M, Stanislawski N et al. Effects of cigarette smoking on the oral microbiome in adolescents. Scientific reports. 2026 Jan 10;16(1):1348. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32650-2
Schaefer-Dreyer, Paula ; Behrens, Wiebke ; Winkel, Andreas et al. / Effects of cigarette smoking on the oral microbiome in adolescents. in: Scientific reports. 2026 ; Jahrgang 16, Nr. 1.
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title = "Effects of cigarette smoking on the oral microbiome in adolescents",
abstract = "Smoking, a risk factor for periodontitis and peri-implantitis, is associated with shifts in the oral microbiome (OM) composition. Although smoking habits are almost always established before adulthood, data on effects of smoking on the OM in adolescents is rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the early impact of smoking on the OM composition in pupils. The adolescent cohort, aged 14-20, comprised 98 smokers and 98 non-smokers matched for several physiological co-variates. Buccal swabs were analysed for OM composition using high-throughput sequencing of the full-length 16 S rRNA gene targeting species-level resolution. Parameters of bacterial diversity and abundance of individual bacterial taxa were related to information on smoking. The microbiome dataset contained 733 species-level taxa. Streptococcus, Rothia, and Haemophilus dominated both groups, smokers and non-smokers. Smoking exerted a discernible influence on the overall microbial composition as measured by weighted UniFrac distances. The number of species-level bacterial taxa was significantly higher in individual smokers compared to non-smokers. Furthermore, several taxa, including known pathogens, exhibited significant differences in abundance between the two groups. The genera Veillonella, and Actinomyces, as well as and multiple Actinomyces species, Dialister invisus, Atopobium parvulum, Streptococcus mutans and Prevotella melaninogenica were significantly more abundant in smokers. Our findings indicated an early onset of smoking-related changes already in the oral microbiome of adolescents.",
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TY - JOUR

T1 - Effects of cigarette smoking on the oral microbiome in adolescents

AU - Schaefer-Dreyer, Paula

AU - Behrens, Wiebke

AU - Winkel, Andreas

AU - Pott, Philipp-Cornelius

AU - Paulsen, Mira

AU - Stanislawski, Nils

AU - Tanisik, Fatma

AU - Melk, Anette

AU - Schmidt, Bernhard Magnus Wilhelm

AU - Lucas, Henning

AU - Heiden, Stefanie

AU - Klopp, Norman

AU - Illig, Thomas

AU - Blume, Holger

AU - Blume, Cornelia

AU - Yang, Ines

AU - Stiesch, Meike

N1 - © 2026. The Author(s).

PY - 2026/1/10

Y1 - 2026/1/10

N2 - Smoking, a risk factor for periodontitis and peri-implantitis, is associated with shifts in the oral microbiome (OM) composition. Although smoking habits are almost always established before adulthood, data on effects of smoking on the OM in adolescents is rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the early impact of smoking on the OM composition in pupils. The adolescent cohort, aged 14-20, comprised 98 smokers and 98 non-smokers matched for several physiological co-variates. Buccal swabs were analysed for OM composition using high-throughput sequencing of the full-length 16 S rRNA gene targeting species-level resolution. Parameters of bacterial diversity and abundance of individual bacterial taxa were related to information on smoking. The microbiome dataset contained 733 species-level taxa. Streptococcus, Rothia, and Haemophilus dominated both groups, smokers and non-smokers. Smoking exerted a discernible influence on the overall microbial composition as measured by weighted UniFrac distances. The number of species-level bacterial taxa was significantly higher in individual smokers compared to non-smokers. Furthermore, several taxa, including known pathogens, exhibited significant differences in abundance between the two groups. The genera Veillonella, and Actinomyces, as well as and multiple Actinomyces species, Dialister invisus, Atopobium parvulum, Streptococcus mutans and Prevotella melaninogenica were significantly more abundant in smokers. Our findings indicated an early onset of smoking-related changes already in the oral microbiome of adolescents.

AB - Smoking, a risk factor for periodontitis and peri-implantitis, is associated with shifts in the oral microbiome (OM) composition. Although smoking habits are almost always established before adulthood, data on effects of smoking on the OM in adolescents is rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the early impact of smoking on the OM composition in pupils. The adolescent cohort, aged 14-20, comprised 98 smokers and 98 non-smokers matched for several physiological co-variates. Buccal swabs were analysed for OM composition using high-throughput sequencing of the full-length 16 S rRNA gene targeting species-level resolution. Parameters of bacterial diversity and abundance of individual bacterial taxa were related to information on smoking. The microbiome dataset contained 733 species-level taxa. Streptococcus, Rothia, and Haemophilus dominated both groups, smokers and non-smokers. Smoking exerted a discernible influence on the overall microbial composition as measured by weighted UniFrac distances. The number of species-level bacterial taxa was significantly higher in individual smokers compared to non-smokers. Furthermore, several taxa, including known pathogens, exhibited significant differences in abundance between the two groups. The genera Veillonella, and Actinomyces, as well as and multiple Actinomyces species, Dialister invisus, Atopobium parvulum, Streptococcus mutans and Prevotella melaninogenica were significantly more abundant in smokers. Our findings indicated an early onset of smoking-related changes already in the oral microbiome of adolescents.

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KW - Female

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KW - Cigarette Smoking/adverse effects

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KW - Young Adult

KW - Microbiota of the buccal mucosa

KW - Cigarette smoking

KW - Early-onset effect of smoking

KW - Full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing

KW - Bacterial abundance

KW - Adolescents

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