Details
| Originalsprache | Englisch |
|---|---|
| Aufsatznummer | 1645422 |
| Fachzeitschrift | Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems |
| Jahrgang | 9 |
| Publikationsstatus | Veröffentlicht - 21 Jan. 2026 |
Abstract
Although agroforestry is a promising approach to reconcile biodiversity conservation and local development, uptake has proven challenging, justifying the introduction of incentives to promote adoption. We firstly conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) over a sample comprised by 223 cacao farmers from the province Padre Abad in the Peruvian Amazon to gain insights into their preferences for four attributes of a proposed biodiversity-oriented agroforestry- Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) scheme: (1) requirement for tree canopy cover in enrolled plots, (2) modalities for a biodiversity connectivity bonus, (3) farmers' participation in monitoring, and (4) the compensatory cash amount. Although we found that a PES scheme would have a wide acceptance among eligible farmers, their preferences are highly heterogeneous regarding assessed attributes. For disentangling such differences, we perform a latent class (LC) model and identify three farmer classes: first, the larger one (56% of the sample) comprised by farmers that are more likely to enroll in the proposed PES as the cash compensation for accepting both high required canopy level and collective bonus rises, and they are allowed to participate in monitoring tasks. Meanwhile, preferences of the second group (34% of the sample) seemed to be less sensitive to changes in levels of the assessed PES attributes. Finally, the third farmers group (10% of the sample) features, in average, a willingness to accept (WTA) lower than the first farmers group for required high canopy level and a larger preference for individual rather than collective connectivity bonus. These findings highlight the necessity of tailoring incentives to address differentiated farmer preferences for increasing scheme effectiveness and equity.
ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete
- Umweltwissenschaften (insg.)
- Globaler Wandel
- Agrar- und Biowissenschaften (insg.)
- Lebensmittelwissenschaften
- Umweltwissenschaften (insg.)
- Ökologie
- Agrar- und Biowissenschaften (insg.)
- Agronomie und Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften
- Umweltwissenschaften (insg.)
- Management, Monitoring, Politik und Recht
- Agrar- und Biowissenschaften (insg.)
- Gartenbau
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in: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Jahrgang 9, 1645422, 21.01.2026.
Publikation: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift › Artikel › Forschung › Peer-Review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Disentangling farmers' preferences for conditional incentives to upscale biodiversity-friendly agroforestry in the Amazon
AU - Montoya-Zumaeta, Javier G.
AU - Fiestas Flores, José Jerico
AU - Gutierrez, Lech
AU - Rojas, Eduardo
AU - Orozco-Aguilar, Luis
AU - Ladd, Brenton
N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2026 Montoya-Zumaeta, Fiestas-Flores, Gutiérrez, Rojas, Orozco-Aguilar and Ladd.
PY - 2026/1/21
Y1 - 2026/1/21
N2 - Although agroforestry is a promising approach to reconcile biodiversity conservation and local development, uptake has proven challenging, justifying the introduction of incentives to promote adoption. We firstly conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) over a sample comprised by 223 cacao farmers from the province Padre Abad in the Peruvian Amazon to gain insights into their preferences for four attributes of a proposed biodiversity-oriented agroforestry- Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) scheme: (1) requirement for tree canopy cover in enrolled plots, (2) modalities for a biodiversity connectivity bonus, (3) farmers' participation in monitoring, and (4) the compensatory cash amount. Although we found that a PES scheme would have a wide acceptance among eligible farmers, their preferences are highly heterogeneous regarding assessed attributes. For disentangling such differences, we perform a latent class (LC) model and identify three farmer classes: first, the larger one (56% of the sample) comprised by farmers that are more likely to enroll in the proposed PES as the cash compensation for accepting both high required canopy level and collective bonus rises, and they are allowed to participate in monitoring tasks. Meanwhile, preferences of the second group (34% of the sample) seemed to be less sensitive to changes in levels of the assessed PES attributes. Finally, the third farmers group (10% of the sample) features, in average, a willingness to accept (WTA) lower than the first farmers group for required high canopy level and a larger preference for individual rather than collective connectivity bonus. These findings highlight the necessity of tailoring incentives to address differentiated farmer preferences for increasing scheme effectiveness and equity.
AB - Although agroforestry is a promising approach to reconcile biodiversity conservation and local development, uptake has proven challenging, justifying the introduction of incentives to promote adoption. We firstly conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) over a sample comprised by 223 cacao farmers from the province Padre Abad in the Peruvian Amazon to gain insights into their preferences for four attributes of a proposed biodiversity-oriented agroforestry- Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) scheme: (1) requirement for tree canopy cover in enrolled plots, (2) modalities for a biodiversity connectivity bonus, (3) farmers' participation in monitoring, and (4) the compensatory cash amount. Although we found that a PES scheme would have a wide acceptance among eligible farmers, their preferences are highly heterogeneous regarding assessed attributes. For disentangling such differences, we perform a latent class (LC) model and identify three farmer classes: first, the larger one (56% of the sample) comprised by farmers that are more likely to enroll in the proposed PES as the cash compensation for accepting both high required canopy level and collective bonus rises, and they are allowed to participate in monitoring tasks. Meanwhile, preferences of the second group (34% of the sample) seemed to be less sensitive to changes in levels of the assessed PES attributes. Finally, the third farmers group (10% of the sample) features, in average, a willingness to accept (WTA) lower than the first farmers group for required high canopy level and a larger preference for individual rather than collective connectivity bonus. These findings highlight the necessity of tailoring incentives to address differentiated farmer preferences for increasing scheme effectiveness and equity.
KW - agriculture
KW - biodiversity offsets
KW - cacao
KW - canopy level
KW - choice experiment
KW - latent class model
KW - stated preferences methods
KW - trade-off
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105029251049&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fsufs.2025.1645422
DO - 10.3389/fsufs.2025.1645422
M3 - Article
VL - 9
JO - Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
JF - Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
M1 - 1645422
ER -