A Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments

Publikation: Beitrag in Buch/Bericht/Sammelwerk/KonferenzbandAufsatz in KonferenzbandForschungPeer-Review

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OriginalspracheEnglisch
Titel des SammelwerksA Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments
ISBN (elektronisch)978-3-948571-16-0
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - 23 Sept. 2025

Abstract

The increasing demand for in-situ data processing in harsh and remote environments - such as deep-well drilling operations - is raising the need for autonomous electronic systems capable of reliable control and data processing. Since electrical power from sources, such as generators, is not available in all scenarios, these systems rely on local power sources, such as batteries. Energy efficiency is therefore a primary design constraint. To ensure robustness across a wide temperature range (-40°C to 175° C) and under mechanical stress, we employ 180 nm SOI technology, which is considered state of the art for harsh-environment applications [1]. However, this technology imposes considerable limitations on energy-saving strategies. In particular, leakage currents are negligible (1 % of system power), which renders common techniques such as race-to-completion combined with aggressive power gating largely ineffective. Our evaluation confirms that executing tasks quickly at high clock rates and powering down afterward provides little energy benefit in this context. Instead, we investigate alternative approaches better suited to the characteristics of this SOI technology. Specifically, operating the processor at the lowest feasible supply voltage and frequency significantly reduces dynamic energy per cycle. Moreover, the wide thermal operating range enables temperature-dependent voltage scaling, providing for further energy savings. We propose a HW/OS co-design approach in which a RISC-V processor is extended with hardware support for dynamic voltage and frequency control. These controls are exposed to the OS, enabling fine-grained, workload-aware energy management while ensuring system reliability. The resulting platform adapts its voltage-frequency operating points to ambient temperature, offering a robust and efficient power solution for autonomous computing in harsh environments. Initial simulations show possible energy savings up to 48 %, compared to the race-to-completion approach.

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A Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments. / Rumpeltin, Nico; Thomas, Tim-Marek; Rücker, Malte et al.
A Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments. 2025.

Publikation: Beitrag in Buch/Bericht/Sammelwerk/KonferenzbandAufsatz in KonferenzbandForschungPeer-Review

Rumpeltin, N, Thomas, T-M, Rücker, M, Hawich, M, Lohmann, D & Blume, H 2025, A Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments. in A Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments. https://doi.org/10.23919/IEEECONF67516.2025.11225154
Rumpeltin, N., Thomas, T.-M., Rücker, M., Hawich, M., Lohmann, D., & Blume, H. (2025). A Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments. In A Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments https://doi.org/10.23919/IEEECONF67516.2025.11225154
Rumpeltin N, Thomas TM, Rücker M, Hawich M, Lohmann D, Blume H. A Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments. in A Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments. 2025 doi: 10.23919/IEEECONF67516.2025.11225154
Rumpeltin, Nico ; Thomas, Tim-Marek ; Rücker, Malte et al. / A Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments. A Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments. 2025.
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abstract = "The increasing demand for in-situ data processing in harsh and remote environments - such as deep-well drilling operations - is raising the need for autonomous electronic systems capable of reliable control and data processing. Since electrical power from sources, such as generators, is not available in all scenarios, these systems rely on local power sources, such as batteries. Energy efficiency is therefore a primary design constraint. To ensure robustness across a wide temperature range (-40°C to 175° C) and under mechanical stress, we employ 180 nm SOI technology, which is considered state of the art for harsh-environment applications [1]. However, this technology imposes considerable limitations on energy-saving strategies. In particular, leakage currents are negligible (1 % of system power), which renders common techniques such as race-to-completion combined with aggressive power gating largely ineffective. Our evaluation confirms that executing tasks quickly at high clock rates and powering down afterward provides little energy benefit in this context. Instead, we investigate alternative approaches better suited to the characteristics of this SOI technology. Specifically, operating the processor at the lowest feasible supply voltage and frequency significantly reduces dynamic energy per cycle. Moreover, the wide thermal operating range enables temperature-dependent voltage scaling, providing for further energy savings. We propose a HW/OS co-design approach in which a RISC-V processor is extended with hardware support for dynamic voltage and frequency control. These controls are exposed to the OS, enabling fine-grained, workload-aware energy management while ensuring system reliability. The resulting platform adapts its voltage-frequency operating points to ambient temperature, offering a robust and efficient power solution for autonomous computing in harsh environments. Initial simulations show possible energy savings up to 48 %, compared to the race-to-completion approach.",
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T1 - A Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments

AU - Rumpeltin, Nico

AU - Thomas, Tim-Marek

AU - Rücker, Malte

AU - Hawich, Malte

AU - Lohmann, Daniel

AU - Blume, Holger

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 Deutscher Landesausschuss in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland e.V.

PY - 2025/9/23

Y1 - 2025/9/23

N2 - The increasing demand for in-situ data processing in harsh and remote environments - such as deep-well drilling operations - is raising the need for autonomous electronic systems capable of reliable control and data processing. Since electrical power from sources, such as generators, is not available in all scenarios, these systems rely on local power sources, such as batteries. Energy efficiency is therefore a primary design constraint. To ensure robustness across a wide temperature range (-40°C to 175° C) and under mechanical stress, we employ 180 nm SOI technology, which is considered state of the art for harsh-environment applications [1]. However, this technology imposes considerable limitations on energy-saving strategies. In particular, leakage currents are negligible (1 % of system power), which renders common techniques such as race-to-completion combined with aggressive power gating largely ineffective. Our evaluation confirms that executing tasks quickly at high clock rates and powering down afterward provides little energy benefit in this context. Instead, we investigate alternative approaches better suited to the characteristics of this SOI technology. Specifically, operating the processor at the lowest feasible supply voltage and frequency significantly reduces dynamic energy per cycle. Moreover, the wide thermal operating range enables temperature-dependent voltage scaling, providing for further energy savings. We propose a HW/OS co-design approach in which a RISC-V processor is extended with hardware support for dynamic voltage and frequency control. These controls are exposed to the OS, enabling fine-grained, workload-aware energy management while ensuring system reliability. The resulting platform adapts its voltage-frequency operating points to ambient temperature, offering a robust and efficient power solution for autonomous computing in harsh environments. Initial simulations show possible energy savings up to 48 %, compared to the race-to-completion approach.

AB - The increasing demand for in-situ data processing in harsh and remote environments - such as deep-well drilling operations - is raising the need for autonomous electronic systems capable of reliable control and data processing. Since electrical power from sources, such as generators, is not available in all scenarios, these systems rely on local power sources, such as batteries. Energy efficiency is therefore a primary design constraint. To ensure robustness across a wide temperature range (-40°C to 175° C) and under mechanical stress, we employ 180 nm SOI technology, which is considered state of the art for harsh-environment applications [1]. However, this technology imposes considerable limitations on energy-saving strategies. In particular, leakage currents are negligible (1 % of system power), which renders common techniques such as race-to-completion combined with aggressive power gating largely ineffective. Our evaluation confirms that executing tasks quickly at high clock rates and powering down afterward provides little energy benefit in this context. Instead, we investigate alternative approaches better suited to the characteristics of this SOI technology. Specifically, operating the processor at the lowest feasible supply voltage and frequency significantly reduces dynamic energy per cycle. Moreover, the wide thermal operating range enables temperature-dependent voltage scaling, providing for further energy savings. We propose a HW/OS co-design approach in which a RISC-V processor is extended with hardware support for dynamic voltage and frequency control. These controls are exposed to the OS, enabling fine-grained, workload-aware energy management while ensuring system reliability. The resulting platform adapts its voltage-frequency operating points to ambient temperature, offering a robust and efficient power solution for autonomous computing in harsh environments. Initial simulations show possible energy savings up to 48 %, compared to the race-to-completion approach.

KW - Co-design

KW - Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling

KW - OS

KW - Power Saving

KW - RISC-V

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U2 - 10.23919/IEEECONF67516.2025.11225154

DO - 10.23919/IEEECONF67516.2025.11225154

M3 - Conference contribution

SN - 979-8-3315-8640-9

BT - A Hardware/Operating System Co-Design Approach for Energy Optimization in Harsh Environments

ER -

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